Chapter 9 - Joints

Question 1

What are the four Axial classifications?

Answer 1

Uniaxial, Biaxial, multi axial, non-axial

Question 2

What is a joint?

Answer 2

any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together to from a connection

Question 3

Structural classifications of joitns

Answer 3

based on how bones are connected

1. Fibrous joint
2. cartilaginous joint
3. synovial joint

Question 4

Functional classifications of Joints

Answer 4

determined by the amount of mobility between bones
Synarthrosis - immobile
Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable
Diarthrosis - freely moveable

*cartilaginous joints: synarthrosis & amphiarthrosis

*Synovial joints - diarthrosis joint

Question 5

What are the 3 types of Fibrous joints?

Answer 5

1. Suture Joint
   - narrow joint found between most bones in the skull
2. Syndesmosis joint
   - widely separated, but held together by a ligament band
   - where two parallel bones are united by fibrous tissue filled with a sheet of connective tissue called interosseous membrane - between the radius & ulna
3. Gomphosis joint
   - where a tooth is anchored into its bony socket within the upper jaw (maxilla) or lower jaw (mandible) of the skull

Question 6

What are the 2 types of Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 6

both do not have a joint cavity, but united by cartilage.
1. synchondrosis
- connected by hyaline cartilage
- can be temporary (epiphyseal in the growth plate) or permanent (thorasic cage

2. symphysis
   - bones are connected by fibrocartilage
   - intervertebral symphysis - a thick pad of firbocartilage disc provides cushioning and small movements

Question 7

What is a Synovial joint?

Answer 7

most common joint in the body
has synovial fluid in the joint cavity - increased mobility and can move smoother
not directly connected to each other by tissue or cartilage.

Question 8

What is a ligament?

Answer 8

connects the bone outside of the articular surfaces, preventing separation
sometimes can limit ROM

Question 9

what are the three types of ligaments in your body?

Answer 9

Extrinsic ligament - outside of the articular capsule
intrinsit ligament - fused or incorperated into the wall of the articular capsule
intracapsular ligament - located inside of the capsule

Question 10

What is a tendon?

Answer 10

The dense connective tissue structre that attaches muscle to bone

Question 11

What is a bursa?

Answer 11

thin connective tissue sac filled with lubricating liquid - located where skin, ligaments, muscles or tendons can rub together

• subcutaneous bursa
  between the skin & bone
• submuscular bursa
  between a muscle & bone or muscle & muslce
• subtendinous bursa
  between a tendon & bone

Question 12

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 12

1. Pivot joint - uniaxial - neck
2. Hinge joint - uniaxial, elbow
3. Condyloid joint - wrist - biaxial
4. saddle joint - biaxial - thumb
5. plane joint - multiaxial
6. ball & socket - multiaxial - hip and shoulder

Question 13

What and where is your miotendinous junction?

Answer 13

where the muscle and tendon overlap

Question 14

Where is your Austiotendinous junction?

Answer 14

where the bone is connected to the tendon - never a clear division, slowly overlaps

Question 15

What are Fontanelles?

Answer 15

areas of tissue that connect your skull bones that are at first felxable for birth, called fibrous joints. but after a year of growing, your connective tissue will ossify and turn into bone, making it a suture joint.

Question 16

What is the process when your skull bones fuse together after childbirth?

Answer 16

Synostosis

Question 17

What is your meniscus?

Answer 17

located in your knee and provides shock absorption, padding and cushioning between the bones.