Chapter 4 - Tissues

Question 1

what are the 4 main types of tissues?

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 2

what are the 3 layers of germ

Answer 2

ectoderm (outer)
mesoderm (middle)
endoderm (inner)

Question 3

what is the Mucos membrane?

Answer 3

made up of epithelial and connective tissue
lines body cavities and hollow passageways exposed to the outer envirionment

Question 4

What is the serous membrane?

Answer 4

lines coelomic cavities - not open to the outer environment

Question 5

what is another word for the skin as an epithelial tissue

Answer 5

Rutanous Membrane

Question 6

tell me about the Epithelial tissue…

Answer 6

sheets of cells covering body surfaces & lines organs and cavities & forms some glands
characteristics: highly cellular, protects the body, rapid regeneration and repair - has polarity (apical vs basal surfaces)
it’s job is to protect, transport and secrete mucus, enzymes, hormones and sweat, also allows movement

Question 7

What are celia?

Answer 7

Little bristles attached to cells that move fluids/mucus in ariways, brain ventricles and fallopian tubes

Question 8

what are the 3 types of cell junctions?

Answer 8

Tight - seals bariers, seperates into apical and basal, no space between for cells to move, epithelia acts as barriers
Gap - allows communication between cells, forms an inner cellular passageway for cells and molecules
Anchoring - allows for strength and protection, made up of Desmosomes, Hemisomes and Adherens, holds cells together

Question 9

what are the 3 BASIC shapes of epithelial tissues?

Answer 9

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 10

How do glands secrete hormones? (3 Ways)

Answer 10

Merocrine: released by exocytosis
Apocrine: part of the cel pinches off
Holocrine: cell ruptures and releases products when it bursts

Question 11

what is a gland?

Answer 11

one or more cells that synthesizes and secretes chemical substances

Question 12

8 types of Epithelial Tissue Cells

Answer 12

1. Squamous
2. cuboidal
3. columnar
4. pseudostratisfied columnar
5. stratisfied squamous
6. stratisfied cuboidal
7. stratisfied columnar
8. Transitional

Question 13

Tell me about Connective Tissue…

Answer 13

functions: supports and connects other tissues, muscles and bones
the tissue cells are disperse into a matrix, containing a gland substance criss-crossed by protein fibres.

Question 14

what makes up the connective tissue protein fibres?

Answer 14

collagen fibres - strong, flexable, resist stretch
elastic fibres - stretchy and can be shaped
reticular fibres - thin and branching

Question 15

3 types of connective tissue

Answer 15

1 connective tissue proper - loose and dense
2. supportive connective tissue - cartilage and bone
3. fluid connective tissue - blood & lymph

Question 16

What is loose connective tissue?

Answer 16

found between organs to bind tissues and absorb shock
allows fluids and nutrients to come through
made up of areolar, adipose, reticular

Question 17

what makes up Dense connective tissue?

Answer 17

contains collagen fibres - doesn’t stretch aton
regular - all fibres are allined
irregular - fibres are random
elastic - intevertibral discs

Question 18

What makes up supportive connective tissue?

Answer 18

bones & cartilage - maintains body’s posture and protects organs

Cartilage matrix - contains chondrotin sulfates
cartilage cells - chondrocyte are in the lacunae

Question 19

What are 3 main types of cartilage?

Answer 19

1. Hyaline - most common, clear, smooth, strong and flexible
2. fibro cartilage - tough, provides strength
3. Elastic cartilage - contains elastic fibres and collagen

Question 20

How are bones strong

Answer 20

they are the hardest connective tissue containing collagen for strength

Question 21

what is Fluid connective tissue?

Answer 21

blood & lymph
red blood cells cary oxygen around the body - Erythrocytes
white blood cells are our body’s immune defence - leukocytes

platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting

Question 22

What is a lymph?

Answer 22

Delivers molecules to the blood that couldn’t otherwise directly enter the bloodstream
- contains a liquid matrix & white blood cells

Question 23

what are the three types of muscle tissues and their functions?

Answer 23

1. Skelital - long cylindrical fiber & striated
   - Voluntary movement, produces heat, protects organs
   - attached to bones and around entrance points in the body
2. Cardiac - short branched, striated
   - contracts to pump blood in the heart
3. Smooth - Short spindle shaped, no striation
   - involuntary

Question 24

Tell me about Nervous tissue…

Answer 24

Capable of sending and recieving electrochemichal signals - provide the body with information

A Neuron - has an axon, dendrite & nucleus (sends messages)

Neuroglia - supports neurons and modulate their information propagation.

Question 25

What is Myelin? where is it located?

Answer 25

insulation layer around a neuron

Question 26

What is an Astrocite cell? where is it located?

Answer 26

regulates ion concentration uptake/breakdown monitor of neurotransmitters formation of the blood barrier

Question 27

What is an oligodendrocyte? what is a Schwann cell?

Answer 27

it produces myelin in the central nervous system produces myelin for PNS

Question 28

What is your Myelin Sheath?

Answer 28

provides insulation and speeds up the transmission of the neuron

Question 29

where and what is the aponeurosis connective tissue?

Answer 29

it has muscles fused to it and is a thin strong sheet along your dorsal