Muscle tissue

Question 1

What are the levels of muscle?

Answer 1

skelital muscle
muscle fibre
myofibrils
sarcomeres

Question 2

What are the 4 properties of muscle tissue?

Answer 2

Extensibility - the ability to elongate

elasticity - the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched

excitability - the ability to respond to nervous stimuli

contractibility - the ability to generate force voluntarily by contracting and shortening

Question 3

What are the 3 levels of muscle membrane?

Answer 3

Epimesium - outer
permesium - middle
endomesium - inner

these are the elastic bands that hold the membrane together

Question 4

What are miofibrils?

Answer 4

a small muscle fiber that has a striated look because of the sarcomeres lining the inside of it.
it contracts becasue of the sarcomeres inside.

Question 5

What are sarcomeres?

Answer 5

a mixture of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments that overlap and grip onto eachother to contract.

one sarcomere goes from one Z line to the other Z line

Question 6

when does a cross bridge occur?

Answer 6

ATP hydrolyzes on the myosin hook head, turning into ADP + P, which binds to the actin which then pulls it to the middle (M line)
more ATP is then sent to detatch the myosin head from the Actin.

Question 7

What is the role of Tropomyosin?

Answer 7

it is located on the actin, and blocks the binding site. but when it moves then the myosin can grip onto the actin, causing a reaction to pull it towards the M line.
when Ca+ is flooded into the sarcomeres, it binds troponin when is not linked to the myosin

Question 8

What happens in the Neuromuscular junction?

Answer 8

ACH - acetylcholine: the neurotransmiter transmits to the muscle tissue - released from the motor neuron which initiates muscle contraction.
when ACH is released, the myosin and actin react, then our muscles voluntarily contract.

Question 9

Letters in the Sarcomere!

Answer 9

Z line - boundary of the sarcomere
I band - contains only actin filaments
H band - middle of the sarcomere where there is only myosin filaments
A band - region of bolth actin and myosin
M line - the exact middle point of the sarcomere.

Question 10

Where is ATP sourced from in your body?

Answer 10

ATP CP - creatine phosphate
- anaerobic
- short high intensity bursts of energy
- generates ATP out of the already existing creatine & phosphate in your muscles.

Glycolosis
-anaerobic
- Generates ATP from Glucose or glycologen stored in your muscles

Oxidation phosphorylation
- aerobic - uses oxygen
generates ATP, takes longer but can last for a while.

Question 11

what is Sarcoplasm?

Answer 11

the fluid incased in the muscle cells

Question 12

What is Sacolemma?

Answer 12

the muscle membrane

Question 13

what is your carcopasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

your organelles responsible for protein production - has high amounts of calcium ions - we need it for muscle contractions

Question 14

What happens to the calcium when the action potential nervous system stops coming?

Answer 14

then the Ca+ returns to where it comes from and the myosin return to its original shape

Question 15

When is a sarcomere’s tention at its lowest point?

Answer 15

when the sarcomere is decreased in length - because the cross bridging has got to a point where it can’t move anymore

Question 16

when is a sarcomere’s tension at its highest point?

Answer 16

when the sarcomere’s length increases where there is only a few myosin connected to the actin - it can’t create a ton of force.