How do we know things
Applying to authority
intuition
Use of rationalism
Personal experience
Use of the scientific method
What is the best way of knowing
Use of the scientifc method
Cons to personal experience
Only applies to one person
No comparison group
Experience was confounded
Syllogism
Has premises and a conclusion
Con of intuition
Doesn’t have information to be accurate
Only right if there is experience
Con to appealing authority
Selective on the authority
Trust where they get their information
7 quilities of scientific method
Empirical
Objective
Systematic
Probabilistic
Provisional
Replicable
Self correcting
Empirical
Gather information through the use of our senses
Objective
Uses procedures to minimize the influence of bias
Systematic
Follows a prescribed set of procedures
Set order
Probabilistic
Doesn’t have to apply to everyone just fit the certain group
Provisional
Believe our study till a new one suggests we are wrong
Replicable
The procedure is able to repeat and the results will also be the same
Because it is self correcting it is more likely to..
Produce valid results those results being more useful
The theory data cycle
Theory
Research question
Research design
Hypothesis
Data
Either strengthens theory was support or needs revisions
What makes a good theory
Supported by data
falsifiable
Parsimonious
Cognitive biases types
Humans are swayed by a good story
Availability heuristic
Present present bias
Confirmation bias
Blind bias
Availability heuristic
Tendency to believe things that come easily to mind
Present present bias
Easier to remember when something was present when it wasn’t there
Another word for confirmation bias
Cherry picking
Different types of research
 empirical
Review articles
Meta-analysis
Types of empirical research
 basic
Applied
Transitional
Transitional
Bridge the gap between basic and applied uses people or things that aren’t directly in the real world
Dissemination
Sharing results with the world
