1.1
- Did Covid-19 create inequality?
- What did it expose in terms of shaping life chances
- Risk, protection, and recovery were ______—not ____
- how did it affect lower income families? in terms of school closure and job losses
- COVID-19 infection and mortality rates were higher in ____-income and _____
communities - what does Sociodemographic variables mean?
- No- it amplified inequalities among existing social structures
Exposed how race, class, gender, age, occupation shape life chances
- Risk, protection, and recovery were structured—not random
- School closures disproportionately affected children from lower-SES families due to unequal access to technology, quiet study space, and parental support.
- Job losses in low-wage, service-sector occupations (retail, hospitality, food)
- COVID infection/mortality rates were higher in lower-income/ racialized communities
- Parts of identity that shape life (age, gender, sex, income)
1.2
- What do sociologists notice
– They recognize that our personal experiences are affected by our ____ ___
They investigate and challenge the social patterns that other people perceive
- Are stereotypes grounded in empirical fact/evidence? Ex: immagrants take canadian jobs
- Sociologists discuss ____ ___, example
- Helps us understand how socializing influences shape our ______, allows us to challenge perceptions such as _______
- Sociologists notice social patterns (commonality in social status lead to predicted outcomes)
– They recognize that our personal experiences are affected by our social location (age, sex, class)
No, Immigration doesn’t increase unemployment. Effects on wages are minimal.
» Non-credential recognition of skilled workers.
- Sociologists discuss social issues, such as the legalization of marijuana
- Helps us understand how socializing influences shape our opinions, allows us to challenge perceptions/stereotypes (sociology is very broad)
1.2
- Is Sociology easy to define? What is best way to understand
- Sociology involves looking for and looking at social
______ - Studying sociology helps you gain a greater understanding of what 3 things?
- C. Wright Mills coined what term, example
- The ability to step back from your own life and see how your experiences are shaped by ___, not just by ____ ____
- Sociology is difficult to define. It is more productive to explain what sociology does than what it is
- Sociology involves looking for and looking at social
patterns (Social variables, institutions, and interactions)
– The social world (i.e. social practices, attitudes, institutions).
– Yourself (how you relate to patterns of social behaviour).
– Others in multicultural and diverse social realms across Canada
- C. Wright Mills coined the term sociological imagination (individual is not sole focus, society based focus), tuition
- The ability to step back from your own life and see how your experiences are shaped by society, not just by personal choices
1.2
Giroux notes what happens when we lack a sociological imagination:
-Social issues are collapsed into _____ problems, which are then seen as a flaw in an individual’s character that must be suffered in ______
- It becomes difficult to develop the vocabulary to translate private problems into ____ ____
– Democracy begins to ____ and political life becomes _____
- Social issues are collapsed into private problems, which are then seen as a flaw in an individual’s character that must be suffered in isolation
- It becomes difficult to develop the vocabulary to translate private problems into
social issues.
– Democracy begins to fall and political life becomes impoverished
1.3 - When society stopped making sense
- That’s the world sociology was invented to understand, origin of sociology is when…..and inequaliy stopped being _____
Why sociology was born (5)
* ______ uprooted work, family, and community.
* Cities exploded → leading to….
* Political revolutions challenged ___ and ___
* Education shifted from ____ to _____
* Old explanations of the world….
- To make sense of these changes, sociologists needed a new way of thinking—one that connects _____ lives to larger social ______
- When society stopped making sense and when inequality stopped being
invisible - Industrialization uprooted work, family, and community.
- Cities exploded → poverty, disease, crime, inequality.
- Political revolutions challenged authority and tradition.
- Education shifted from privilege to necessity
- Old explanations of the world no longer worked.
- To make sense of these changes, sociologists needed a new way of thinking—one that connects individual lives to larger social forces.
1.3
- To make sense of these changes, sociologists needed a new way of thinking—one that connects individual lives to…
- what term is important to this ____ ____: is the ability to see how personal experiences are shaped by social structures and historical context
- Different eras. Same question about inequality
Full circle
- The origins of sociology explain ___ the sociological imagination was needed
- The sociological imagination explains ____ we study inequality today
- To make sense of these changes, sociologists needed a new way of thinking—one that connects individual lives to larger social forces
- The sociological imagination: is the ability to see how personal experiences are shaped by social structures and historical context
- why do some people always benefit from social change while others consistently bear the costs? This question still defines Sociology today
- The origins of sociology explain why the sociological imagination was needed.
- The sociological imagination explains how we study inequality today
1.3
Why did Sociology Emerge?
- Society was changing faster than people could explain it, exmaple
A Modern Canadian Example: Tuition
- What rises faster, tuition or wages?
* Student debt, normal or exceptional?
* What is happening with degree value and labour market?
- Access to university depends heavily on what 3 things?
- The same degree carries very different risks depending on _______
- Education expands _____—but it also reproduces _____
- Society was changing faster than people could explain it. Education shifted from privilege to necessity
- University tuition in Canada has risen far faster than wages.
- Student debt is now normal, not exceptional.
- The value of a degree and its impact in the labour market is changing
– Parental income, education and province of residence
- The same degree carries very different risks depending on background
- Education expands opportunity—but it also reproduces inequality
1.3
***Understand income/debt graph
- Tuition feels ____. Sociology shows why it’s _____
- The sociological imagination helps us see how personal experiences—like student debt—are shaped by ____ ____, not just ____ ___.
- Tuition feels personal. Sociology shows why it’s structural
- The sociological imagination helps us see how personal experiences—like student debt—are shaped by social structures, not just individual choices.
