CP4 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

A branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surrounding

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Ø the study of the interactions of organisms with each other

Ø the interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment.

A

Ecology

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3
Q

Ø a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

A

Species

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4
Q

Ø a group of individuals of the same species inhabiting the same area

A

Population

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5
Q

Ø assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat

A

Community

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6
Q

Ø is the biophysical environment in which all interactive mechanisms take plac

A

Ecosystem

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7
Q

Ø is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in

A

Biome

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8
Q

Øis the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms. Also called as ecosphere

A

Biosphere

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9
Q

Two basic concepts of ecology

A

Structural Concept
Functional Concept

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10
Q

is the development of different communities over a period of time at the same site

A

Succession

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11
Q

is the complex of many communities growing in a particular area and sharing a common climate

A

Biome

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12
Q

Types of ecological relationship

A

1.Mutualism
2.Predation
3.Competition
4.Commensalism
5.Parasitism

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13
Q

Øassociation between two or more species where both species derive benefit

A

Mutualism

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14
Q

Ø Hunting and killing of one organism by another for consumption and sustenance

A

Predation

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15
Q

Ø a symbiotic interaction between two living organisms, where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefite

A

Commensalism

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16
Q

Ø a symbiosis in which two phylogenetically unrelated organisms coexist over a prolonged period of time

A

Parasitism

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17
Q

is any animal which is noxious, destructive or troublesome to man or his interests

A

Pest

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18
Q

ØAn organism which harms man or his property significantly

A

Pest

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19
Q

are any organism that exceeds its population to a level that is not acceptable with plants that cause direct and indirect losses to agricultural crops and storage products

A

Pest

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20
Q

6 groups of pest

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A
  1. Arthropods
  2. Arachnids
  3. Pathogen
  4. Weeds
  5. Vertibrate pest
  6. invertebrate pest
21
Q

7 Ways how pest reduce crop productivity

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A
  1. Plant stand reducer
  2. Photosynthetic rate reducer
  3. Leaf scenesence accelerator
  4. Light stealer
  5. Assimilate sappers
  6. Tissue Consumers
  7. Compete inorganic nutrients
22
Q

5 Category of pest based on occurence

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A
  1. Regular pest
  2. Occasional pest
  3. Seasonal pest
  4. Persistent pest
  5. Sporadic pest
23
Q

Category of pest based on Level of infestation

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A
  1. Epidemic pest
  2. Endemic pest
24
Q

ØOccurring more frequently on a crop having close association with the crop

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A

Regular pests

25
ØOccurring infrequently with no close association with a particular crop
Occasional pests
26
ØOccurring during a particular part of the year
Seasonal pest
27
ØOccurring on a crop almost throughout the year
Persistent pest
28
Occurring in a few isolated localities
Sporadic pest
29
ØOccurring in severe form in a region or locality at a particular season ØSudden outbreak of a pest in a severe form in a region at a particular time
Epidemic pests
30
ØOccurring regularly and confined to a particular area or locality
Endemic pest
31
Parameters of Insect Population Level
1. General Equilibrium Position (GEP) 2. Damage Boundary (BD) 3. Economic Threshold Level (ETL) 4. Economic Injury Level (EIL)
32
Øaverage density of a pop’n over a long period of time, around which the pest population tends to fluctuate due to biotic and abiotic factors
General Equilibrium Position
33
lowest level of damage which can be measured Provides sufficient time for control measure
Damage Boundary (DB)
34
Ø level of pest attack where estimated benefits of treatment cover the cost of treatment Ø Pop’n density at which control measure should be implemented to prevent from reaching the EIL
Economic threshold level (ETL)
35
Ø lowest population density that will cause economic damage Ø population density of organism that termed as pest Ø pest population density in which the loss caused by pest equals the cost of control
Economic injury level (EIL)
36
Categories of Pest based on EIL, GEP, DB
1. Key Pest 2. Major Pest 3. Minor/ Occasional Pest 4. Sporadic Pest 5. Potential Pest
37
ØMost severe and damaging pests 40 ØGEP lies above EIL always ØSpray temporarily bring the pop’n below IEL
Key pest
38
ØGEP lies very close to EIL or coincides with EIL 41 ØEconomic damage can be prevented by timely and repeated sprays
Major pest
39
ØGEP is below the EIL usually ØRarely they cross EIL ØCan be controlled by spraying
Minor / Occasional pest
40
ØGEP generally below EIL 43 ØSometimes it crosses EIL and cause severe loss in some places/periods
Sporadic pest
41
ØThey are not pests at present ØGEP always less than EIL 44 ØIf environment changed, it may cause economic loss
Potential pest
42
include all the living parts of the ecosystem
Biotic
43
include all the non-living elements of the ecosystem
Abiotic
44
It refers to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
Humidity
45
It refers to the salt concentration of water, causing a division of the aquatic environment into marine, estuarine and fresh water.
Salinity
46
is is the measure of how acidic or alkaline water is in aquatic animals or soil solution.
pH
47
serve an important role in the ecosystem as decomposers.
Fungi
48
generally are one-celled microscopic organisms, and they are sometimes overlooked in the ecosystem.
Protists
CP4
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