We believe people to be leaders based on certain traits such as height, intelligence, extraversion
trait definition of leadership
people who have followers that have an interaction with one each other
process definition of leadership
a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal
leadership
depends on strong interpersonal skills, self-confidence, intellignce, and consistency with the group identity
emergence (women are less likely)
based on followers identification and liking for the leader
referent power
based on followers perceptions of the leaders competence
expert power
associated with status or formal authority
legitimate power
derived from the ability to provide rewards to others
reward power
derived from having the capacity to penalize or punish
coercive power
derived from possessing desired/needed knowledge
information power
technology provides followers with more information which has lowered respect for leaders
power shift to followrs
leadership that is not influenced by values or context
neutral view
leadership guided and dependent on values that promote the common good
-leaders are responsible for helping followers to assess their own values and needs in order to practice fundamental values like liberty, justice, and equality
moral view
management produces order and consistency
leadership produces change and movement
-planning and budgeting
-organizing and staffing
-controlling and problem solving
management
-establishing direction
-aligning people
-motivating and inspiring
leadership
a property/set of properties possessed in varying degrees by different people
trait
resides in the context of the interactions between leaders + followers + makes leadership available to everyone
process
based on occupying a position in an organization
assigned
when others perceive an individual as the most influential member of a group, regardless of the individuals title
emergent
the power a person derives from a particular office/rank in formal org system (legitimate, reward, coercive, information)
position power
the influence capacity a leader derives from being seen by followers as likeable + knowledgeable (referent, expert)
personal power
the use of force to effect change
coercion
not guided/dependent on a value system that advances the common good
neutral
