Chapter 5 +6

Question 1

different situations demand different kinds of leadership

Answer 1

situational approach

Question 2

the behavior pattern of a person who attempts to influence others

Answer 2

leadership style

Question 3

help individuals + group members accomplish goals by giving directions, establishing goals + methods of evaluation, setting timelines, defining roles, + showing how the goals are to be achieved

Answer 3

directive behaviors

Question 4

help individuals + group members feel comfortable about themselves, their coworkers, + the situation

Answer 4

supportive behaviors

Question 5

leader focuses communication on goal achievement, + spends smaller amount of time using support behaviors

Answer 5

S1 (LS, HD) directing style

Question 6

leader focuses on communication on both achieving goals + inventing followers’ socioemotional needs

Answer 6

S2(HD,HS) coaching approach

Question 7

leader does not focus exclusively on goals but uses supportive behaviors that bring out followers’ skills around the goal to be accomplished

Answer 7

S3(HS,LD) supporting approach

Question 8

leader offers less goal input + social support, facilitating followers’ confidence + motivation in reference to the goal

Answer 8

S4 (LS,LD) delegating approach

Question 9

the degree to which followers have the competence + commitment necessary to accomplish a given goal or activity

Answer 9

development level

Question 10

developed to explain how leaders motivate followers to be productive + satisfied with their work

Answer 10

path goal theory

Question 11

motivate-> capable-> efforts-> outcome->rewards

Answer 11

expectancy theory

Question 12

a leader who gives followers instructions about their task, including what is expected of them, how it is to be done, + the timeline for when it should be completed

Answer 12

directive leadership

Question 13

being friendly + approachable as a leader + includes attending to the well-being + human needs of followers

Answer 13

supportive leadership

Question 14

inviting followers to share in the decision making

Answer 14

participative leadership

Question 15

a leader who challenges followers to perform work at the highest level possible

Answer 15

achievement-oriented leadership

Question 16

trait approach stengths

Answer 16

-intuitively appealing
-credibility due to a century of research support
-highlights leadership component in the leadership process
-provides benchmarks for what to look for in a leader

Question 17

task approach criticisms

Answer 17

-fails to delimit a definitive list of leadership traits
-doesn’t take into account situational effects
-list of most important leadership traits is highly subjective
-research on traits in relation to objective leadership outcomes has found relatively weak relationships
-not useful for training and development

Question 18

behavioral approach strengths

Answer 18

-major shift in leadership research from exclusively trait focused to include behaviors and actions
-broad range of studies on leadership style validates and gives credibility to the basic tenets of the approach
-at conceptual level, a leaders style is composed of two major types of behaviors: task and relationship
-heuristic (leaders can learn a lot about themselves and how they come across to others by trying to see their behaviors in light of the task and relationship dimensions

Question 19

behavioral approach criticisms

Answer 19

-research has not adequately demonstrated how leaders’ styles are associated with performance outcomes
-no universal style of leadership that could be effective in almost every situation
-implies that the most effective leadership style is High-High, limited support

Question 20

set broad objectives and act as advisor/coach

Answer 20

delegating style

Question 21

share ideas and facilitate shared decision making process

Answer 21

participating style

Question 22

explain reasons for decisions and encourage questions

Answer 22

selling style

Question 23

provide specific instructions and closely supervise

Answer 23

telling style

Question 24

assumes effective leaders can change behavioral orientation

Answer 24

situational leadership

Question 25

sitautional leadership strengths

Answer 25

-marketplace approval:credible for training employees to become effective leaders -practicality:straightforward approach that is easily understood and applied -prescriptive value: clearly outlines what you should and shouldn't do in various settings -leader flexibility:stresses that effective leaders are those who can change their styles based on task requirements and subordinate needs -differential treatment: leaders need to treat each sub according to their needs

Question 26

situational leadership criticisms

Answer 26

-lack of an empirical foundation-is it valid -fails to address one-to-one vs group leadership

Question 27

-defines goals -clarifies path -removes obstacles -provides support

Answer 27

path-goal leadership

Question 28

directive, supportive, participative, achievement oriented

Answer 28

path goal leadership behavior

Question 29

path-goal leadership strengths

Answer 29

-useful theoretical framework -integrates motivation -practical model

Question 30

path goal leadership criticisms

Answer 30

-interpreting the meaning of the theory can be confusing + difficult to implement -empirical research shows only partial support -fails to explain relationship between leadership behavior and worker motivation -treats leadership as a one way event

Question 31

based on the expectancy theory of motivation that motivation consists of two perceptual processes 1. belief that effort leads to greater performance 2. belief that performance leads to valued rewards

Answer 31

path goal theory

Question 32

there are in groups and out groups and theres a relationship between each follower and the leader

Answer 32

LMX

Question 33

LMX strengths

Answer 33

-the only leadership approach that makes the dyadic relationship the centerpiece + first theory to incoporate emotions -directs attention to the importance of communication -solid research foundation of relatedness to positive org outcomes

Question 34

LMX Criticisms

Answer 34

-inadvertently supports the development of privileged groups in the workplace -basic ideas are not fully developed

Question 35

followers are part of the leadership influence process

Answer 35

dyadic interactions

Question 36

mediator is new focus what leader and followe characteristics and behaviors determine the quality of the relationship

Answer 36

LMX