Chapter 1 lecture

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of form and structure

Question 2

Gross anatomy

Answer 2

study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 3

Cadaver dissection

Answer 3

cutting and separation of organs to study their relationships

Question 4

comparative anatomy

Answer 4

study of more than one species to analyze evolutionary traits

Question 5

Anatomical variation

Answer 5

-no two species are exactly alike
70% most common structure
30% anatomically variant
variable number of organs
variation in organ locations

Question 6

Palpitation

Answer 6

feeling structure with fingertips

Question 7

Auscultation

Answer 7

listening to the natural sounds made by the body

Question 8

Percussion

Answer 8

tapping on the body to listen to sounds for signs of abnormalities

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

examination of cells tissues with microscope

Question 10

Radiology

Answer 10

branch of medicine concerned with imaging

Question 11

Cytology

Answer 11

study of structure and function of cells

Question 12

Histopathology

Answer 12

microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

Question 13

Physiology

Answer 13

the study of function

Question 14

Comparative physiology

Answer 14

-limitations on human experiments
-study of different species to learn bodily function
-animal surgery and animal drug tests
-basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures

Question 15

Hippocrates

Answer 15

established a code of ethics for physicians (Hippocratic oath)

Question 16

Aristotle

Answer 16

Complex structures are built from simpler structures

Question 17

Galen

Answer 17

did animal dissections since use of cadavers banned.
saw science as a method of discovery

Question 18

Anthony van leeuwenhoek

Answer 18

invented a simple microscope

Question 19

Robert hooke

Answer 19

improved the compound microscope

Question 20

schleiden and schwann

Answer 20

concluded that all organisms were composed of cells

Question 21

1st tenet of cell theory

Answer 21

all living things are composed of cells and their products

Question 22

Hierarchy of complexity

Answer 22

atoms-molecules-organelles-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms

Question 23

Atom examples

Answer 23

Hydrogen, nitrogen, iron, oxygen, uranium

Question 24

Molecules examples

Answer 24

proteins, DNA

Question 25

Organelles examples

Answer 25

cell membrane, ribosome, nucleus, golgi apparatus

Question 26

Cells examples

Answer 26

blood cells, skin cells, fat cells, neurons

Question 27

Tissue examples

Answer 27

muscle, fat, bone, blood

Question 28

Organ examples

Answer 28

heart, lung, pancreas, liver, brain, stomach, kidney

Question 29

Organ systems

Answer 29

digestive, endocrine, lymphatic

Question 30

Organism examples

Answer 30

human, cat, dog, rat, panda, whale

Question 31

Metabolism

Answer 31

the sum of all internal chemical

Question 32

Anabolism

Answer 32

complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones

Question 33

Catabolism

Answer 33

complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones

Question 34

Homeostasis

Answer 34

the ability of an organism to maintain internal stability; the ability to detect change and activate mechanisms that oppose it

Question 35

Claude Bernard

Answer 35

Observed that internal conditions of the body remain quite stable even when external conditions vary greatly

Question 36

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 36

balanced change

Question 37

Negative feedback

Answer 37

a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it

Question 38

Receptor

Answer 38

a structure that senses a change in the body

Question 39

Integrating control center

Answer 39

a mechanism that processes information and relates it to other available information

Question 40

Effector

Answer 40

a structure that carries out the response that restores homeostasis

Question 41

Positive feedback

Answer 41

a rapid self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction; can be either positive or negative change