Chapter 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Dualism vs materialism

Answer 1

dualism: mind and body are separate

materialism: mind and body are the same, only physical matter exists

Question 2

Realism vs idealism

Answer 2

realism: reality exists independently of our perceptions

idealism: reality is mentally constructed or dependent on perception

Question 3

Nativism vs empiricism

Answer 3

nativism/nature: knowledge is innate, built in

empiricism/nurture: knowledge comes from experience

Question 4

how do developmental psych and comparative psych relate to nature vs nurture

Answer 4

developmental: studies how behavior changes with age

comparative: compares humans with animals, identifies what is learned vs innate

Question 5

phrenology (who was its main proponent? how is it related to dualism vs materialism? modern connection?)

Answer 5

idea that bumps on the skull reflect personality and mental abilities

main proponent: Franz Joseph Gall

supports materialism (mind traits link to physical brain areas)
modern connection: led to focus on brain localization

Question 6

Distinguish structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and cognitive revolution AND THEIR PROPONENTS

Answer 6

structuralism: analyzing brain’s structure (Wilhem Wundt) (Wtw)

functionalism: analyzing function of certain areas of brain (William James) (OJ)

behaviorism: studying human’s actions in response to stimuli (not the brain itself) (John B Watson, Ivan Pavlov, BF Skinner) WPS (dps)

cognitive revolution: going back to studying the brain instead of just behavior (Ulric Neisser, Noam Chomsky) (NC)

Question 7

Plato

Answer 7

IDN (idk)
Idealism, Dualism, Nativism

Question 8

Aristotle

Answer 8

REM (sleep)
Realism, Empiricism, Materialism

Question 9

Immanuel Kant

Answer 9

NE (Kant)
nativism and empiricism

Question 10

John Locke

Answer 10

ER (locked)
Empiricism, realism

Question 11

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 11

M
Materialism

Question 12

Rene Descartes

Answer 12

DN (dnd)
Dualism, nativism

Question 13

Proponent of structuralism

Answer 13

Wilhem Wundt (wtw)

Question 14

Proponent of functionalism

Answer 14

William James (OJ)

Question 15

Proponent of behaviorism

Answer 15

John B Watson, Ivan Pavlov, BF Skinner
WPS (dps)

Question 16

Proponent of cognitive revolution

Answer 16

Ulric Neisser, Noam Chomsky
(NC)