Chapter 3 Study Guide

Question 1

conduction vs transmission

Answer 1

Conduction: movement of electrical signal along axon

Transmission: passing of signal from one neuron to another

Question 2

Action vs resting potential

Answer 2

Action: temporary change in electrical charge when neuron fires

Resting: electrical state when not firing (inside is always negatively charged)

Question 3

Depolarization vs repolarization

Answer 3

Depolarization: When action potential is going through neuron, Na+ enters the neuron, now the neuron is positive

Repolarization: K+ leaves so it goes back to negatively charged

Sodium Potassium pump regulates levels of Na and K so the ratio goes back to normal

Question 4

How does transmission work and how does brain clean up

Answer 4

Recycle/reuptake: og neuron takes back neurotransmitters

Destroy: enzymes break down leftovers

Diffusion: some just go away

Question 5

Autoreceptors

Answer 5

special receptors on presynaptic neuron (sending signal)
monitor amount of neurotransmitter in synapse

Question 6

Agonist vs antagonist drug

Answer 6

Agonist: overall enhances neurotransmitter activity

Antagonist: overall reduces neurotransmitter activity

Question 7

Brain structures that are part of forebrain

Answer 7

(Thinking, memory, emotions)
CTHL
Cerbrum (cerebral cortex)
Thalamus-sensory relay
Hypothalamus
Limbic system

Question 8

Brain structures that are part of midbrain

Answer 8

Sensory and movement hub
TS
Tectum/tegmentum
Substantia nigra

Question 9

Brain structures that are part of hindbrain

Answer 9

Life support/coordination
CPM
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 10

Frontal Lobe

Answer 10

thinking, planning

Motor Cortex, mirror neurons, Broca’s Area (controls speech)*

Question 11

Partietal lobe

Answer 11

Pain, pressure, touch

Somatosensory cortex

Question 12

Temporal lobe

Answer 12

auditory, language comprehension

Wernicke’s Area (left hemisphere, language comprehension)*

Question 13

Contralateral control

Answer 13

each side of brain controls opposite side of body

Question 14

Lateralization

Answer 14

Certain mental functions are more dominant in one hemisphere

Question 15

How do stroke and split brain patients relate to lateralization and contralateral control

Answer 15

Stroke affects one hemisphere (relates to lateralization bc what functions are impaired, relates to contralateral control bc certain sides won’t be processed)

Question 16

What role does hippocampus and amygdala play in every day lives

Answer 16

hippocampus: forms and stores memories

amygdala: emotions

Question 17

Place cells : what and where

Answer 17

Like GPS, cells activate when you’re in certain location
in hippocampus

Question 18

Dorsal vs ventral hippocampus

Answer 18

dorsal: helps navigate your environment (door)

ventral: stress regulation/ involved in emotional (vent)

Question 19

what is corpus callosum and its function

Answer 19

thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting left and right (this allows communication between hemispheres)

Question 20

Structural vs functional brain imaging

Answer 20

Structural: anaylizing what brain LOOKS like (CTI Scan and MRI)

Functional: analyzing what brain is DOING (PET, fMRI, TMS)

Question 21

Basic logic behind PET Scan, fMRI, TMS

Answer 21

PET Scan: radioactive and shows where brain is using energy

fMRI: measures blood oxygen (shows which areas are working)

TMS: magnetic pulses, turns activity on and off in specific area