Chapter 6 pt 1

Question 1

What are NREM and REM connected to during sleep

Answer 1

NREM: learning and memory consolidation
REM: linked to creativity–cortical connections are linked to existing memories/ knowledge

Question 2

How are REM and emotion regulation related

Answer 2

REM sleep helps divorce memories from
the emotional charge that is associated
with those memories
-sleep makes emotional memories feel less intense, sleep-deprived patients have heightened amygdala activation when reviewing emotional images
-REM sleep has a very unique neurochemistry
-REM sleep associated with HIGHLY
REDUCED levels of norepinephrine
* neurotransmitter involved in states of
vigilance / heightened awareness of
dangers in environment (stress)

Question 3

Three Processes of Memory

Answer 3

1. Encoding– transforming what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory
2. Storage– process of maintaining info in memory over time
3. Retrieval– process of bringing to mind info that’s been previously encoded and stored

Question 4

Semantic Encoding

Answer 4

relating new information to semantic knowledge
-activates “language networks”
-lower left frontal lobe and left temporal lobe**

Question 5

Visual Imagery

Answer 5

storing new info by converting it into mental pictures “Memory Palace”/”Method of Loci”

–activates “visuo-spatial networks”
-occipital lobe and parietal lobe

Question 6

Organizational Encoding

Answer 6

Organizing info into smaller categories
–activates “abstract reasoning”/”working memory” networks

–upper left frontal lobe

Question 7

what would an fMRI study of memory athletes vs control subjects

Answer 7

memory athletes would have greater activation of dorsal (where) pathway along the occipital and parietal cortices (this is visual imagery encoding)

Question 8

Sensory Memory and its two types (time decay?)

Answer 8

type of storage that holds sensory info for a few seconds or less

Iconic memory: fast-decaying store of VISUAL info– decay begins in less than 1 sec
Echoic memory: fast-decaying store of AUDITORY info–decay begins in 5 seconds