what are the two categories of community corrections
- supervision of offenders on conditional release from prison
- alternatives to confinement delivered by prov/terr govts
Why use alternatives to confinement
- costs
- technology available for community supervision
- effectiveness of incarceration
What is the key difference between absolute and conditional discharge
absolute = absolute
conditional - adhere to conditions and can be brought back
What is the key difference between conditional discharge and suspended sentence
conditional discharge - no criminal record
suspended sentence - criminal record
What is a conditional sentence
judges must consider
- risk will reoffend
- harm they would cause if they did
- breach of CSO : reverse onus on accused in court to prove allegation is false
What is probation
- can be used if no minimum penalty outlined in criminal code for offence
- most widely used alternative to confinement
- average = 12 months
- sometimes judges impose imprisonment and probation to follow
breach of probation - can be new charge
What is ISP
intensive supervision probation
what are similarities between probation and CSOs
- judges decision
- alternatives to confinement
- supervised by probation officer
- breach of conditions can result in incarceration
Draw differences between probation and CSO
What does compulsory similar conditions of probation and CSOs mean
- keep peace and be of good behaviour
- appear before court when required
- notify court/PO of change of address
What are optional conditions
- to meet risk and need of offender
What are pains of probation
often economic/emotional
What are PO roles
- dual role - support and enforce conditions
- assessment - client risks and needs
- supervision
- investigation - pre-sentence reports
what are challenges in probation practise
- occupational stress
- supervising high risk and high need probationers
- heavy workloads and high caseloads
-lack of PO offender contact and intervention - providing probation services in remote and northern regions
- supervising diverse clientele
who is probation most effective
employed, stable relationship, higher education, absence of extensive criminal record
what does effectiveness of probation depends on
- training of POs
- program completion of offender
- Inclusion of risk-need-responsivity principles
- relationship between PO and client
What does risk mean in RNR principles
match intensity of intervention to offender’s risk
What does N in RNR principles mean
Address criminogenic needs of offenders
What does Responsively mean in RNR
tailor programming to learning styles of individual offender
