What is prejudice
unsubstantiated, negative prejudgement of individuals or groups, generally on basis of ethnicity, religion, or race
What is discrimination
action or decision that treats a person or group negatively for reasons such as race, age or disability
What is racism
prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of different race based on the belief one’s race is superior
What is racialization
process by which societies construct races as real, different, and unequal that matter to economic, political, and social life
What are racialized persons
persons, other than Indigenous, who are non Caucasian in race or non white in colour
What is racial profiling
any action used for reasons of safety, security, or public protection that relies on stereotypes of race, colour, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin
What is the legacy of colonization
- socio-economic marginalization
- intergenerational trauma (residential school)
- 60s Scoop
- ‘Culture clash’
What is the impact of race and culture assessments (IRCAs)
“Better understand effect of poverty, marginalization, racism, and social exclusion on offender and life experiences” - government of Canada 2021
What is revictimization?
can result from CJS
What is restorative justice
issue = relationships broken
focus = problem solving, obligations, future
process = consensus…community vs problem, involvement of victim, offender, community
offender accountability = understanding impact of action and helping decide how to make things right
central focus = victim needs and offender responsibility, repairing harm
What are differences between criminal justice and restorative justice (table)
What are key challenges in restorative justice?
- resistance: soft on crime/’offenders’?
- Limited community interest/capacity
- Ensure participants ‘get’ key purpose of process and are equal participants
What is the effectiveness of restorative justice
- victim satisfaction is high
- it can encourage offender responsibility, decrease reoffending, costs, and processing time, be effective with serious and violent offenders
