Chapter 10: Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Name 4 current applications for genetic engineering.

Answer 1

*Gene therapy
*Insertion of human genes into bacterial plasmids to produce human proteins such as insulin
*to stimulate specific diseases for pre-clinical drug testing
* introduction of seeds to crop plants to make them more pest resistant.

Question 2

A genetically engineered mouse is also often referred to as a _______.

Answer 2

Transgenic

Question 3

The fragment of foreign DNA created by genetic engineering is often referred to as _______.

Answer 3

Transgene

Question 4

Name three common ways that transgenes are used.

Answer 4

Increase expression of other genes
decrease expression of other genes
provide new gene functions not normally present in species.

Question 5

What are the four ways by which a gene function can be controlled?

Answer 5

Global: affecting whole body
Local: affecting certain cells or organs
Conditional: gene expresses under specific circumstances
Temporal: specific time or stage in animals development

Question 6

Match the Transgenic mouse type to the description of its genetic modification:

A transgene is expressed in a controlled manner

Answer 6

Controlled knockout or knock-in mouse

Question 7

Match the Transgenic mouse type to the description of its genetic modification:

One or more human genes has been inserted into its genome

Answer 7

humanized mouse

Question 8

Match the Transgenic mouse type to the description of its genetic modification:

A section of new DNA has been inserted to introduce or change a function

Answer 8

knock-in mouse

Question 9

Match the Transgenic mouse type to the description of its genetic modification:

A native gene has been deleted or inactivated

Answer 9

Knock-out

Question 10

Short strands of RNA identify and bind target DNA sequences , and a nuclease enzyme cuts the DNA at the desired site

Answer 10

CRISPR/Cas9

Question 11

Protein binds to the DNA at the target site, and a very specific nuclease cuts the DNA at that location

Answer 11

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
TALENs

Question 12

A special RNA binds the target messenger RNA to stop or reduce expression of a gene.

Answer 12

Posttranscriptional gene silencing

Question 13

Protein binds to the DNA at the target site, and the nuclease cuts the DNA at that location

Answer 13

Zinc Finger Nucleases.

Question 14

what are the 3 primary techniques to produce transgenic mice.

Answer 14

Pronuclear Microinjection
Viral Vector mediated transfer
embryonic stem cell mediated transfer

Question 15

What technique is commonly used in gene therapy?

Answer 15

Viral vector technology

Question 16

Where are embryonic stem cells used in genetic engineering harvest from?

Answer 16

Inner cell mass of the blastocyst

Question 17

A mouse that has cells derived from both a donor blastocyst and a recipient females own blastocyst is called a ______

Answer 17

chimera

Question 18

The mice resulting from the mating of a wild-type mouse with a chimera having a transgene in its germ cells will be _______ for this mutation

Answer 18

hemizygous

Question 19

True or false
Chimeras with fur patches of different colors always have germline transmission of the transgene.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

To establish a transgenic line, founders are bred with ____

Answer 20

wild-type mice

Question 21

The mice resulting from the mating of a wild-type mouse with a chimera having a transgene in its germ cells will be _____ for this mutation.

Answer 21

Hemizygous

Question 22

What process describes recovery of a mouse line?

Answer 22

The frozen embryos are thawed and implanted in a pseudo pregnant female.

Question 23

Which repository for mutant mouse and cell lines is prominent among the various groups and laboratories trying to maintain control over the expanding mouse lines and animal numbers.

Answer 23

Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Centers