1
Q
many people predicted that if Thomas Jefferson won the election, there would be a ___
A
Civil War.
2
Q
Votors mistakenly gave Jeffereson and his running mate Aron Burr an _____. At this time, whoever got the most votes became president and 2nd votes became VP
A
1.equal amount of votes
2.most votes became president and 2nd votes became VP
3
Q
The _____ Amendment, adopted in ___, separated the votes for president and VP
A
12th
1804
4
Q
Alexander Hamilton believed that Burr becoming a president would have been ____
A
Dangerous.
5
Q
Burr ended up _____
A
Shooting and killing Hamilton in a duel
6
Q
Hamilton ended up____
A
Losing his shot.
7
Q
Jefferson won the presidency with _______
A
36 Ballots
8
Q
This marked the first time that a government control had passed from
A
one party to the next
9
Q
What enslaved blacksmith plotted a rebellion in virginia?
A
Gabriel. That was his name.
10
Q
He was inspired by the ___
A
Haitain revelution.
11
Q
Jefferson was not an ____, and he had supported the _____
A
Antifederalists
Constitution in 188.7
12
Q
Jefferson was worried that the ______
A
Government had grown too powerful, jeaperdizing the constitutions careful balance and threatoning the nations republican character.
13
Q
He opposed of Hamiltons policy to ____
A
refinance public debt, establish a national bank, and foster commercial ties with Britain.
14
Q
What was Jefferson’s vision of the republican party?
A
He believed that it could flourish among virtuous, independent farmers.
15
Q
How did jefferson reduce federal power?
A
He systematically dismantalled federalist policies, favoring local malitias over standing armies.
16
Q
What test did Jefferson’s plan to reduce the federal government and military face?
A
A severe test in the western Mediterranean Sea.
17
Q
How did Jefferson adjust federal taxation?
A
He abolished internal federal taxes and relied on customs duties and western land sales for
revenue.
18
Q
What was the main source of revenue under Jefferson?
A
Customs duties and the sale of western land
19
Q
Jefferson’s vision of liberty
A
He believed republican liberty thrived among virtuous, independent farmers who owned and worked their own land.
20
Q
Reducing federal power
A
Jefferson dismantled Federalist policies and emphasized local militias instead of a strong central army.
21
Q
Military changes
A
He cut the military budget in half, reduced the army by one-third, and decreased the navy from thirty ships to six.
22
Q
Main revenue sources
A
Customs duties and western land sales.
23
Q
Who was the presidents private secretary?
A
Meriwhether Lewis.
24
Q
Who did the Department of State employee?
A
8 people. This was James Madison, six clerks, and a messenger.
25
William Marbury, who was a disappointed job seeker, ____
Sued James Madison. This lead to Marbury v Madison.
26
The Court found that the grounds of Maburies suit______.
Conflicted with the constitution. They for the first time invalidated a federal law on the grounds that it was unconstitutional.
27
Which states were called the Barbary States by Americans?
Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
28
Where were the Barbary States located?
Along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa.
29
What did the Barbary States demand for safe passage of ships?
Large annual payments called tribute.
30
What happened to countries that refused to pay tribute?
They risked seizure of their ships and crews.
31
What happened to countries that refused to pay tribute?
They risked seizure of their ships and crews.
32
Why were American ships more vulnerable after independence?
The U.S. lost British protection; in the 1790s several hundred American crew members were taken captive and held in slavery.
33
How much did the United States eventually agree to pay per year in tribute to secure passage?
$50,000 a year.
34
What event in May 1801 triggered open conflict with Tripoli?
he monarch of Tripoli failed to secure a large increase in his tribute and declared war on the United States.
35
How did Jefferson characterize the tribute payments and what did he send in response?
He considered them extortion and sent four warships to the Mediterranean to protect U.S. shipping.
36
What naval actions took place from 1801 to 1803?
U.S. frigates engaged in skirmishes with North African privateers.
37
What happened to the USS Philadelphia in late 1803?
It ran aground near Tripoli’s harbor and was captured along with its crew of about 300 men.
38
How did the U.S. respond to the captured Philadelphia early in 1804?
Lieutenant Stephen Decatur commanded a ship that sailed into the harbor after dark (guided by an Arabic-speaking pilot) and Decatur’s crew set the Philadelphia on fire to render it useless to Tripoli.
39
What further naval action occurred later in 1804?
A small force of U.S. ships attacked the harbor, damaged or destroyed 19 Tripolitan ships, and bombarded the city.
40
Were the sailors from the Philadelphia freed immediately after the 1804 attacks?
No — the Philadelphia sailors remained in captivity.
41
Who was William Eaton and what did he request in 1805?
Eaton was an American officer stationed in Tunis who requested 1,000 Marines to invade Tripoli.
42
What was Secretary of State James Madison’s response to Eaton’s request?
Madison rejected the plan.
43
What did William Eaton do after Madison rejected his plan?
Eaton assembled a force of mostly Greek and Egyptian mercenaries plus eight Marines and marched them through the desert to launch a surprise attack on Tripoli’s second-largest city.
44
What was the result of Eaton’s expedition?
He succeeded; the monarch of Tripoli yielded, released the prisoners taken from the Philadelphia, and negotiated a treaty with the United States.
45
Did attacks by other Barbary states continue after Tripoli’s treaty?
Yes — periodic attacks by Algiers and Tunis continued to plague American ships during Jefferson’s second term and into his successor’s.
46
How and when did the Second Barbary War conclude?
It ended in 1815 when Stephen Decatur sailed to the north coast of Africa with a fleet of 27 ships and, by show of force, engineered three treaties that ended the tribute system and provided reparations for damages to U.S. ships.
47
- What was the Louisiana Purchase
The 1803 acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France by the United States.
48
- When was the Louisiana Purchase completed
1803
49
- How did President Jefferson respond to the offer
He quickly accepted the offer.
50
--How many expeditions did Jefferson launch to explore the new territory
Four expeditions.
51
-- Which expedition mapped U.S. terrain all the way to the Pacific Ocean
The Lewis and Clark expedition.
52
- What effect did Lewis and Clark’s expedition have on expansionist sentiment
It boosted expansionist aspirations.
53
- Which Native American nation of the Arkansas River Valley responded positively to U.S. overtures
The Osage.
54
- How did Jefferson receive the Osage leaders
He lavishly welcomed them in Washington City.
55
- Which powerful Native American nation resisted intruders in the southern Great Plains
The Comanche.
56
- Which country controlled the Louisiana territory after the Seven Years’ War in 1763
Spain
57
- How accurate were European map lines in reflecting who actually controlled the territory
They were misleading; the territory was never very Spanish in practice.
58
- What region was central to the territory and home to many Native nations
The Great Plains.
59
- Why was New Orleans strategically important
It sat near the Mississippi outlet and controlled river commerce from major rivers west of the Appalachians.
60
- Which American regions depended on access down the Mississippi past New Orleans
The Northwest territories, Kentucky, Tennessee, and western Pennsylvania.
61
- What revenue did Spain collect from New Orleans in the 1780s
Modest revenues from taxes on agricultural products shipped downriver from American farms.
62
- Why did Spanish officials feel vulnerable about the territory
Their sparse population could not withstand westward American movement.
63
- Why did Spain cede the Louisiana Territory to France
Pressure from Napoleon and hope that French control would buffer northern Mexico from American expansion.
64
- What condition did Spain place on the cession to France
France could not sell Louisiana to anyone without Spanish permission.
65
- How did the United States view Spain as a neighbor after these events
As a weak neighbor the U.S. could expect to displace eventually.
66
- How did the U.S. view French control of Louisiana differently from Spanish control
France was seen as a more serious power and a greater concern for U.S. interests.
67
- What immediate U.S. strategic interest made acquiring Louisiana essential
Securing control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans to protect western commerce.
68
- Why did Jefferson fear a French presence at the mouth of the Mississippi River
He believed New Orleans was the single spot whose possessor would be the United States’ natural and habitual enemy because three eighths of U.S. produce passed through it.
69
- Who was instructed to try to purchase New Orleans for the United States
Robert R. Livingston, America’s minister in France.
70
- What alternative did Livingston hint at during negotiations if purchase failed
That the United States might seize New Orleans.
71
- What urgent needs and events pushed Napoleon to offer the Louisiana Territory for sale
France needed money and U.S. neutrality before war with Britain, and the loss of Haiti made holding New Orleans less desirable.
72
- What surprising offer did France make to the United States
France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory.
73
- How much did the United States pay for the Louisiana Territory
$15 million.
74
- How did Jefferson reconcile the purchase with his usual constitutional views
He set aside his strict constitutional scruples about federal power and supported the purchase because the opportunity was too advantageous.
75
- How did Congress react to the Louisiana Purchase
Congress approved the purchase, but Federalist New England opposed it and did not support the votes.
76
- When did the American army take formal control of the Louisiana Territory
Late 1803.
77
- What immediate territorial effect did the Louisiana Purchase have on the United States
The United States nearly doubled in size on paper.
78
- Why was control of New Orleans essential to western farmers and commerce
t controlled access to the Mississippi River outlet, through which crops from large interior regions had to pass to market.
79
- How did Napoleon’s European position contrast with his Caribbean losses
Napoleon had conquered much of Europe and a strong navy in the Caribbean, yet he suffered a devastating loss in Haiti that undercut Louisiana’s value.
80
- What strategic diplomatic advantage did France seek from the United States before war with Britain
U.S. neutrality and funds for war.
81
- What role did the loss of Haiti play in the sale of Louisiana
It made maintaining New Orleans and the broader territory far less desirable and practical for France.
82
- What map consequence is noted about the purchase
The United States nearly doubled its territory on maps after the purchase.
83
- Why did Jefferson send expeditions into the new territory?
To meet Native peoples, learn how much Europe had influenced them, and explore the land.
84
- How many government-funded expeditions did Jefferson send?
Four
85
- When did the first expedition start and where did it go?
1804, up the Missouri River toward the West.
86
- Who led the first expedition?
Meriwether Lewis.
87
- How old was Lewis when Jefferson appointed him?
28
88
- Who was Lewis’s co-leader?
William Clark.
89
- What experience did William Clark bring?
He had fought in the Indian wars of the 1790s.
90
- How many people were in the Lewis and Clark crew?
About 45 men.
91
- What kinds of specialists did they bring on the expedition?
Rivermen, gunsmiths, and other skilled men.
92
- What were Jefferson’s orders to Lewis?
Study Native American cultures, collect plants and animals, and map the West.
93
- What did Congress ask the expedition to do?
Find sites for military posts, arrange fur-trade deals, and identify river routes to the West.
History Book Notes
flashcards
Decks in class (56)
# Cards
-
chapter 6 Notes26
-
test 2 part 2 flashcards22
-
Reinforcement15
-
History Book Notes10
-
Chapter 10 Notes93
-
Burr and Hamilton10
-
Articles of confederation notes6
-
Articles of Confederation — Origins and Structure8
-
Articles of Confederation — Congressional Powers and Limits6
-
Congressional Successes under the Articles6
-
Diplomatic Weaknesses under the Articles3
-
Specific Diplomatic Problems6
-
Internal Problems and Shay’s Rebellion4
-
Background of the Constitutional Convention — Context4
-
Annapolis Convention (September 11, 1786)5
-
The Constitutional Convention (May 25 – September 17, 1787) — Delegates and Goals4
-
Major Controversies and Plans3
-
The Great Compromise and Drafting3
-
Final Constitution — Compromises and Structure8
-
Ratification disputes and early elections4
-
Washington’s administration and judicial system2
-
Major policy disputes: Hamilton vs. Jefferson3
-
Revenue, Whiskey Rebellion, and enforcement2
-
Northwest Indian conflict and resolution3
-
Origins of the two‑party system4
-
Washington’s Foreign Policy — Big Picture3
-
Major Diplomatic Achievements under Washington2
-
The Jay Treaty of 17945
-
Reaction to the Jay Treaty3
-
U.S.-Spain Negotiations — Pinckney Treaty5
-
Problems with France during Washington’s Presidency5
-
John Adams Presidency — Election and Character3
-
Adams and the Crisis with France5
-
Domestic Politics and the Federalists2
-
The Alien and Sedition Acts.4
-
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions2
-
End of Franco-American Crisis and Federalist Decline4
-
Election of 1800 & Judiciary Act of 18017
-
Thomas Jefferson and the “Revolution” of 18003
-
Jefferson’s First Administration (Cabinet & Policies)4
-
Louisiana Purchase (May 2, 1803) & Exploration7
-
Jefferson’s Re-election (1804) & Gallatin4
-
Jefferson’s Troubled Second Administration (Burr, Britain/France, Embargo)7
-
Tensions on the Western Frontier & Tecumseh (1811)2
-
Causes of the War of 1812 & the War Hawks4
-
Declaration of War (1812) & Timing3
-
U.S. Military Strengths & Weaknesses3
-
Naval War on High Seas & Inland Waters2
-
Land Campaigns (1812–1814) & Canada3
-
Southern Campaigns & Andrew Jackson1
-
British Attacks on the U.S. East Coast (1814)2
-
The Battle of New Orleans (January 8, 1815)5
-
Treaty of Ghent (December 24, 1814) & Negotiations3
-
Impact of the War of 18125
-
Test 2 part 1 notes31
-
Chapter 13 notes82
