Chapter 13: The OR

Question 1

What are the recommended ventilation standards for an OR

Answer 1

15 air exchanges/hr
30-60% humidity
20-23C

Question 2

What is an antiseptic?

Answer 2

prevents or reduces the growth or action of pathogenic organisms on living tissue
Used for skin prep

Question 3

What are disinfectants?

Answer 3

chemical agents that destroy most pathogenic organisms but not spores on inanimate objects (instruments/surfaces)

Question 4

what do high, intermediate, and low level disinfectants do?

Answer 4

• High- solution can be used also as sterilant which are agents to destroy microorganisms. Contact time 20-30 min
• intermediate- cannot kill spores or some viruses but are capable of killing bacteria, fungi, nonhydrophilic viruses. 10-15 min

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of an Alcohol antiseptic

Answer 5

• 60-70% to be effective
• causes protein denaturation, lysis, and metabolic interruption of cells

Question 6

What is iodine MOA?

Answer 6

oxidation/substitution by free iodine. Denatures proteins

Is an antiseptic

Question 7

What is the MOA of chlorohexidine?

Answer 7

Disrupts cell membrane

is antiseptic and disinfectant

Question 8

What is the MOA of Qauternarium ammonium compounds?

Answer 8

leakage of protoplasm in microbes

disinfectant

Question 9

What is the MOA of Phenols?

Answer 9

denatures enzymes and causes cell lysis

disinfectant

Question 10

What is the level of perforation of single vs double glove. And is latex or vinyl more resistant to perforation?

Answer 10

Single- 12.7% - 31%
Double: Inner 3.8%-13%, Outer 11-44%
Latex more resistant

Question 11

What is the residual activity of alcohol, iodine, chlorhex, and triclosan

Answer 11

1. alcohol- none
2. iodine- moderate
3. chlorhex- excellent
4. triclosan- intermediate

Question 12

What % of bacteria stay within the skin follicles after scrubbing?

Answer 12

20%

Question 13

Can iodine be used in ears/mouth/eyes? at what %

Answer 13

yes, 5% (eyes)

Question 14

At what concentration is iodine toxic to fibroblasts?

Answer 14

> 0.5%

Question 14

In what % of patients is there a skin reaction from pivodine

Answer 14

50%

Question 15

What is the surgical scrub concentration of chlorhexidine vs wounds and at what level is it lethal to fibroblasts?

Answer 15

2-4% scrub
0.05% wounds
lethal >0.5% to fibroblasts
This is ototoxic and neurotixic