Chapter 19

Question 1

What is the Great Depression?

Answer 1

A worldwide economic downturn beginning in 1929 with the collapse of the NY Stock Exchange

Question 2

What caused the Great Depression?

Answer 2

Crash of Wall Street of 1929

Question 3

What happened to the Kreditanstalt bank?

Answer 3

It collapsed in 1931

Question 4

What was Hoover’s moratorium?

Answer 4

One-year moratorium on all payments of international debts

Question 5

What was the Lausanne Conference?

Answer 5

1932 meetings that lowered German WW1 reparations in response to the Great Depression

Question 6

Who was Ramsay MacDonald?

Answer 6

A British statesman who created the national Government in 1931

Question 7

What is Sinn Fein?

Answer 7

A Irish nationalist movement meaning “Ourselves Alone”

Question 8

What was the Irish Republican Army (IRA)?

Answer 8

A paramilitary group who fought against British occupation of Ireland in 1919

Question 9

When was Irish Free State established?

Answer 9

1921

Question 10

What was Popular Front?

Answer 10

A government of left-wing parties in France in 1936 to enact reforms

Question 11

What reforms did the Popular Front establish?

Answer 11

40-hour weeks, paid vacations, arbitration of labor groups

Question 12

What did the Communists believe in?

Answer 12

Collectivisation of economic life and Marxist-Lennism

Question 13

Who was Leon Trotsky?

Answer 13

A Russian revolutionary who led the Red Army and developed War Communism

Question 14

What is War communism?

Answer 14

The economic policy by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War to seize banks, heavy industry, and grain

Question 15

What is New Economic Policy?

Answer 15

A limited revival of capitalism proposed by Lenin in industry and agriculture to repair damage in the Russian Civil War

Question 16

What is Comintern?

Answer 16

A political international formed in 1919 that advocated world communism

Question 17

What was 21 Conditions?

Answer 17

Conditions from Comintern that rejected reformist or revisionist socialism

Question 18

What is Politburo?

Answer 18

The highest governing committe of the Communist party

Question 19

What did Joseph Stalin do?

Answer 19

Commanded bureaucratic and administrative methods in a brutal manner, supported socialism in Russia only

Question 20

What did Trotsky want?

Answer 20

Rapid industrialization, collectivization, increased agricultural production

Question 21

What did Stalin do to the Kulaks?

Answer 21

Claimed they were responsible for hoardings and kicked them out of villages

Question 22

What were the five-year plans?

Answer 22

Plans starting in 1928 that supported industrialization and mass recruited workers

Question 23

What was the process of collectivization in the Soviet Union?

Answer 23

Grain sold at market prices and coerced peasants into organizing collective farms

Question 24

What were the Great Purges?

Answer 24

The imprisonment and execution of millions of Soviet citizens by Stalin from 1934-1939

Question 25

What started the Great Purges?

Answer 25

Sergei Kirov assasination

Question 26

What is fascism?

Answer 26

An anti-democratic, Marxist, and Semitic ideology rejecting ideas of French Revolution and 19th Century liberalism

Question 27

What was Fasci di Combattimiento?

Answer 27

An Italian fascist league created by Benito Mussolini in 1919

Question 28

What was the Black Shirt March of 1922?

Answer 28

Mussolini and his followers marched to Rome and the king refused to authorize the army against them

Question 29

What is the Lateran Accord of 1929?

Answer 29

An accord that reconciled the RCC and Italian state and recognized Catholicism

Question 30

What was the Weimar Republic's purpose?

Answer 30

To fulfill provisions imposed by the Paris settlement

Question 31

What was Reichstag?

Answer 31

The German Parliament until 1945

Question 32

What was Article 48?

Answer 32

An article of the Reichstag allowing the president to rule by decree

Question 33

What was the Invasion of the Ruhr?

Answer 33

A French occupation of Ruhr to extract reparations in mines and caused inflations

Question 34

Who was Hitler influenced by?

Answer 34

Karl Lueger

Question 35

What was the Twenty-Five Points?

Answer 35

A platform calling for the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, unification of Austria and Germany, exclusion fo Jews from German citizenship, etc.

Question 36

What was the SA?

Answer 36

Sturm Abteilung, Nazi paramilitary forces

Question 37

What is Mein Kampf?

Answer 37

My Struggle, Hitler's 1924 book opposing Bolshevism and Jewish people and calling for living space over Poland and Ukraine

Question 38

What were the Locarno Agreements?

Answer 38

1925 agreements between Britain and France that secured Germany's western frontier

Question 39

Who was Gustave Stresemann?

Answer 39

A German chancellor who ended passive resistance in the Ruhr in 1923 and oversaw the Kellog-Briand Pact

Question 40

What was the Dawes Plan?

Answer 40

A plan between the Weimar Republic and Allies in 1924 lowering annual payments

Question 41

What did Hjalmar Schact do?

Answer 41

Introduce a new currency with the exchange rate of 1 trillion of old German marks for one new Retenmark

Question 42

What is Kellog-Briand Pact?

Answer 42

An international pact between European states, Japan, and the U.S. in 1928 that renounced war

Question 43

What was the Young Plan?

Answer 43

A 1929 plan that lowered reparation payments and removed Germany

Question 44

Who was Henrich Bruning?

Answer 44

A chancellor who solved the deadlock and governed through Article 48

Question 45

What is the Enabling Act?

Answer 45

A 1933 act permitting Hitler to rule by decree. He seized offices, banks, and newspapers of ree trade unions

Question 46

What is the SS?

Answer 46

A paramilitary organization run by Heinrich Himmler

Question 47

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 47

1935 laws revoking citizenship of German Jews and outlawed marriage between Jews and non-Jews

Question 48

What is Kristallnacht?

Answer 48

The destruction of Jewish stores and synagogues in 1938

Question 49

What is the Final Solution?

Answer 49

Hitler's decision to kill Jews in Europe in 1942

Question 50

What was the Nazi's new economic policy?

Answer 50

Support of private property and capitalism, vast military spending, built institutions

Question 51

What is Labor Front?

Answer 51

An organization to demonstrate class conflict ended

Question 52

When was Poland restored?

Answer 52

1919

Question 53

Who was Joseph Pilsudski?

Answer 53

A Polish marshal who turned the government anti-Semetic

Question 54

Who founded Czechoslovakia in 1918?

Answer 54

Thomas Masaryk

Question 55

When did Hitler occupy Czechoslovakia?

Answer 55

1939

Question 56

When did Hungary and Austria seperate?

Answer 56

1918

Question 57

Who was Bela Kun?

Answer 57

A Hungarian revolutionary who established the socialist and communist Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919

Question 58

Who was Julius Gombos?

Answer 58

A Hungarian politician who pursued anti-Semetic policies in 1932

Question 59

Who was Engelbert Dollfuss?

Answer 59

An Austrian chancellor who outlawed political parties except Christian Socialists in 1933

Question 60

When did Hitler annex Austria?

Answer 60

1938

Question 61

What founded Yugoslavia?

Answer 61

Corfu Agreement of 1917

Question 62

Difference between Croats and Serbs

Answer 62

Croats were Roman Catholics and Serbs were Orthodoxes

Question 63

Who was King Alexander I?

Answer 63

The King of Yugoslavia who dictated in 1929

Question 64

What was the Russian Civil War?

Answer 64

A 1917-1922 Russian war between the Bolsheviks and the White Russians

Question 65

What is the Red Army?

Answer 65

The Soviet Union communist army