Chapter 2

Question 1

Three major components of a cell

Answer 1

1. Plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm/cytosol
3. Organelles

Question 2

Plasma membrane function

Answer 2

Define and protect the cell, semipermeable

Question 3

Composition of cell membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

What other things are in the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 4

Proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates

Question 5

Three types of passive transport

Answer 5

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 6

Passive diffusion that required a concentration gradient and semipermeable membrane

Answer 6

Simple diffusion

Question 7

Diffusion of H2O

Answer 7

Osmosis

Question 8

Simple diffusion that involves a H2O concentration gradient and a membrane permeable to water and not solute

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Solute concentration in a cell

Answer 9

Tonicity

Question 10

Typical tonicity

Answer 10

300 mOsm

Question 11

What is a cell when there is no net osmosis

Answer 11

Isotonic

Question 12

Water leaves cell since more solute is outside cell

Answer 12

Hypertonic

Question 13

Water enter cell since more solute is inside the cell

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

Passive diffusion that requires a concentration gradient and is mediated by proteins such as channels

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Active transport requirements

Answer 15

ATP present, proteins to move against gradient

Question 16

Active transport types

Answer 16

Primary, secondary, vesicular

Question 17

What does primary AT utilize?

Answer 17

Pumps and ATP

Question 18

AT that uses gradient from primary AT to move other solutes against their gradients.

Answer 18

Secondary Active Transport

Question 19

Three types of vesicular transport

Answer 19

Exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis

Question 20

DNA becomes mRNA

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

mRNA becomes proteins

Answer 21

Translation

Question 22

Membrane organelle containing DNA

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

What occurs in the rough ER?

Answer 23

Protein formation

Question 24

What occurs in the smooth ER?

Answer 24

Lipid synthesis, calcium storage

Question 25

What occurs in the golgi?

Answer 25

Sorting and shipping proteins

Question 26

What creates ATP?

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

What digests unwanted cellular material?

Answer 27

Lysosomes

Question 28

Planned cell death

Answer 28

Apoptosis

Question 29

What occurs at ribosomes?

Answer 29

Protein formation

Question 30

Functions in support and movement

Answer 30

Cytoskeleton

Question 31

Hairlike, moves mucus and water along cell surface

Answer 31

Cilia

Question 32

Moves sperm

Answer 32

Flagellum

Question 33

Increases membrane surface to increase absorption

Answer 33

Microvilli

Question 34

Creation of two identical daughter cells

Answer 34

Mitosis

Question 35

Creates four genetically unique cells

Answer 35

Meiosis

Question 36

Only cells that meiosis occurs in

Answer 36

Gametes

Question 37

Cell growth and DNA replications occurs in this cell phase

Answer 37

Interphase

Question 38

Cell division occurs in this cell phase

Answer 38

Mitotic