Chapter 21

Question 1

5 general classes of blood vessels

Answer 1

1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venules
5. veins

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

carry blood aways from heart

Question 3

arterioles

Answer 3

smaller branches of arteries found in tissues

Question 4

venules

Answer 4

smaller veins

Question 5

veins

Answer 5

larger vessels that carry blood toward heart

Question 6

where is all the blood located in the body?

• answer
• total blood volume in venous system

Answer 6

• blood is unevenly distributed among blood vessel

- ~70%

Question 7

systemic venous system

-3 things

Answer 7

1. venules and medium-sized veins (25%)
2. large venous networks (liver, bone marrow, skin) (21%)
3. large veins (18%)

Question 8

pulmonary circuit

• total percent
• 3 things

Answer 8

• 9%
• 1. pulmonary arteries (3%)
     
     2. pulmonary capillaries (2%)
     3. pulmonary veins (4%)

Question 9

Heart

-percentage of blood

Answer 9

-7%

Question 10

systematic arterial system

• percent
• 4 things

Answer 10

• 13%
• 1. aorta (2%)
     
     2. elastic arteries (4%)
     3. muscular arteries (5%)
     4. arterioles (2%)

Question 11

systematic capillaries

-percent

Answer 11

7%

Question 12

3 types of veins

Answer 12

1. large vein
2. medium sized vein
3. venule

Question 13

2 types of capillary

Answer 13

1. fenestrated

2. continuous

Question 14

large vein

Answer 14

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 15

venule

Answer 15

collect blood from capillary

Question 16

fenestrated capillary

Answer 16

pores penetrate endothelium

Question 17

continuous capillary

Answer 17

endothelium is complete

Question 18

3 types of arteries

Answer 18

1. elastic artery
2. muscular artery
3. arterioles

Question 19

elastic arteries

• known as
• function

Answer 19

• conducting arteries

- transport large volumes of blood away from heart

Question 20

muscular artery

Answer 20

distribution arteries

Question 21

capillaries

• definition
• what do they function as
• high tissue demand for O2
• low tissue demand for O2

Answer 21

• only blood vessels that permit exchange between blood and surrounding
• an interconnected network - capillary bed
• precapillary sphincter opens
• precapillary sphincter closes

Question 22

precapillary sphincter opens

-what does this allow

Answer 22

allows more blood flow through capillary bed

Question 23

precapillary sphincter closes

-what does this allow

Answer 23

less blood flow through capillary bed

Question 24

what is at the entrance to the capillary

Answer 24

band of smooth muscle

Question 25

structure of blood vessels | -3 distinct layers

Answer 25

1. tunica intima 2. tunica media 3. tunica externa

Question 26

tunica intima - layer - type of tissue

Answer 26

- innermost layer - squamous epithelium = endothelium - layer of connective tissue (areolar and elastic)

Question 27

tunica media - layer - 2 features

Answer 27

- middle layer - layers of smooth muscle -allows vessel diameter to change - supplied by ANS

Question 28

Tunica externa | -2 features

Answer 28

- outer most layer | - connective tissue

Question 29

vessel: artery - endothelium (tunica intima) - areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima) - tunica media - tunica externa

Answer 29

- yes - yes - yes (large and thick) - yes

Question 30

vessel: arteriole - endothelium (tunica intima) - areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima) - tunica media - tunica externa

Answer 30

- yes - yes - yes (less elastic tissue, more smooth muscle) - yes

Question 31

vessel: capillary - endothelium (tunica intima) - areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima) - tunica media - tunica externa

Answer 31

- yes - no - no - no - no

Question 32

vessel: venule - endothelium (tunica intima) - areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima) - tunica media - tunica externa

Answer 32

- yes - no - no - yes

Question 33

vessel: vein - endothelium (tunica intima) - areolar/elastic tissue (tunica intima) - tunica media - tunica externa - type of vessels located in tunica media

Answer 33

- yes - yes - yes (less smooth muscle compared to arteries) - Capacitance vessels - able to easily expand

Question 34

special feature of veins

Answer 34

valves

Question 35

valves - function - what are they?

Answer 35

- permit blood flow in only 1 direction and are required to overcome the force of gravity - extensions of the tunica interna

Question 36

valves closed

Answer 36

prevents back flow of blood

Question 37

valves opened

Answer 37

contraction of skeletal muscle helps to squeeze blood toward heart

Question 38

Blood flow - definition - total blood flow = - why does blood flow

Answer 38

- volume of blood flowing through a vessel or group of vessels - cardiac output - due to pressure gradients (moves from high to low)

Question 39

what creates the pressure in blood

Answer 39

the heart

Question 40

2 factors affecting blood flow

Answer 40

1. F a P | 2. F a 1/R

Question 41

F a P - definition - ex

Answer 41

flow is directly proportional to the pressure gradient | - increase Pressure = increase Flow

Question 42

F a 1/R - definition - ex 1 - ex 2

Answer 42

- flow is inversely proportional to resistance - increase resistance = decrease flow - decrease flow = increase resistance

Question 43

resistance

Answer 43

radius of vessel and viscosity of blood

Question 44

blood pressure

Answer 44

force of blood exerted against the vessel wall

Question 45

arterial blood pressure - definition - how is it reported

Answer 45

pressure of blood in arteries | - reported as mmHg

Question 46

venous blood pressure - definition - low or high pressure

Answer 46

- pressure within the venous system | - very low

Question 47

measuring arterial blood pressure : heart contracts - where is the blood ejecting - pressure - type of pressure

Answer 47

- into aorta and arteries - pressure in arteries is increasing to 120 mmHg - systolic pressure

Question 48

systolic pressure - definition - highest or lowest pressure in aorta

Answer 48

pressure in arteries due to ventricular systole | -highest pressure in aorta

Question 49

measuring arterial blood pressure: heart relaxes - blood is ejected where - blood flows up or down pressure gradient - pressure - type of pressure

Answer 49

- blood is not ejected into arteries - down - decreases to 80 mmHg - diastolic pressure

Question 50

diastolic pressure - definition - highest or lowest pressure in aorta

Answer 50

pressure in arteries during ventricular diastole

Question 51

how do you measure | -what is the norm

Answer 51

systolic/diastolic | -120/80

Question 52

3 things combine to form fluctuation and creates pulse

Answer 52

1. aorta 2. elastic arteries 3. muscular arteries