George Marshall
Army Chief of Staff General
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps
U.S.army unit created during World War II to enable women to servein noncombat positions
A. Philip Randolph
President and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the nation’s most respected African–American labor leader, organized a march on Washington.
Manhattan Project
the U.S. program todevelop an atomic bomb for use in World War II
Office of Price Administration
an agency establishedby Congress to control inflation during World War II
War Production Board
an agency established duringWorld War II to coordinate the production of military supplies byU.S. industries
Rationing
a restriction of people’s right to buyunlimited amounts of particular foods and other goods, oftenimplemented during wartime to ensure adequate supplies for themilitary
Dwight D. Eisenhower
American General commanded the Operation Torch, an invasion of Axis–controlled North Africa
D–Day
a name given to June 6, 1944—the day on which the Allieslaunched an invasion of the European mainland during World War II
Omar Bradley
On July 25, General unleashed massive air and land bombardment against the enemy at At. Lo, providing a gap in the German line of defense.
George Patton
General of the Third Army, advanced through the German line.
Battle of the Bulge
a month–long battle of World War II, inwhich the Allies succeeded in turning back the last major Germanoffensive of the war
V–E Day
a name given to May 8, 1945, “Victory in Europe Day”on which General Eisenhower’s acceptance of the unconditionalsurrender of Nazi Germany marked the end of World War II inEurope
Harry S. Truman
Vice President to President Roosevelt, became the nation’s 33rd president.
Douglas MacArthur
At the time of the Japanese invasion in December 1941, General was in command of Allied forces on the islands.
Chester Nimitz
Admiral, commander of American naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the island.
Battle of Midway
a World War II battle that took place in earlyJune 1942. The Allies decimated the Japanese fleet at Midway, anisland lying northwest of Hawaii. The Allies then took the offensivein the Pacific and began to move closer to Japan
Kamikaze
involving or engaging in the deliberatecrashing of a bomb–filled airplane into a military target
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Directed research, Jewish American scientist, the development of the atomic bomb was not only the most ambitious scientific enterprise in history, it was also the best–kept secret of the war.
Hiroshima
On August 6, a B–19 bomber named Enola Gay released an atomic bomb, code–named Little Boy, an important Japanese military center.
Nagasaki
A second bomb, code named Fat Man, was dropped on, leveling half the city.
Nuremberg Trials
the court proceedings heldin Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaderswere tried for war crimes
GI Bill of Rights
the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution,added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens’ rightsand freedoms
James Farmer
In 1942, civil rights leader founded an interracial organization called the Congress of Racial Equality to confront urban segregation in the North.
