Thurgood Marshall
He directed a team that contained the best law students he was part of the NAACP legal team.
Brown V. Board of Ed
The case where a father of a Linda Brown fought against the board of education of Topeka Kansas because she had to walk a whole 21 blocks rather than the 4 blocks for the white school. They ended up bringing down segregation in schools.
Rosa Parks The women who sat in the front but in the colored section of the bus and was asked to get up. She refused which led to her arrest
the bus boycott
Martin Luther King
Jr. A 26 year old who was chosen to lead the Bus Boycott group
Souther Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Founded by Martin Luther King Jr. and mcivil rights leaders in 1957. Its purpose was “to carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second–class citizenship.”
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) A national protest group made by Ella baker and students at Shaw University.
Sit in African–American protesters sat down atsegregated lunch counters and refused to leave until theywere served.
Plessy v Ferguson Who: Supreme court and Homer Plessy\nWhat: Separate but equal did not violate the 14th Amendment\nWhen: 1890\nWhere: Louisiana/United States \nWhy: Because people thought separate but equal violated the 14th amendment. This is because of the Jim crow laws that segregated everything.
Jim Crow Laws Who: Government
Whites
NAACP Who: Thurgood Marshall
Charles Hamilton Houston
Little Rock Nine Who: Nine African American Students\nWhat: Wanted to integrate Little Rock’s Central HS as the first to the Blossom’s Plan\nWhen: September 1957\nWhere: Arkansas
United States\nWhy: Wanted to protest against discrimination and inequality. Wanted to make steps towards making life more equal.
Civil Rights Act of 1957 Who: Congress
government
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Who: African American protesters and the founders of SNCC\nWhat: They started sit ins\nWhen: 1942\nWhere: Chicago\nWhy: As a way to protest the protesters would not leave until they where given food. It was a way to protest for them.
Freedom riders Whites and Blacks who supported equality and Civil Rights that took part in freedom rides.
James Meredith An Air Force veteran that won his federal court case
allowing him to enroll in the all–white University ofMississippi.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited discriminationbecause of race
religion
Freedom Summer The project by CORE and SNCC to try and get as many African Americans as they could to vote so that they could try and get Congress to pass a voting rights act.
Fannie Lou Hammer The leading voice of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) who was also the daughter of Mississippi sharecroppers.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Eliminated the so–called literacy tests that had disqualified many voters. It also stated that federal examiners couldenroll voters who had been denied suffrage by local officials.
Fred Shuttlesworth Who: Head of the Alabama Christian Movement/secretary of SCLC\nWhat: Invited MLK and others to desegregate Birmingham\n\nWhen: 1963\nWhere: Birmingham
Alabama\nWhy: To fight against discrimination and for equal rights.
Eugene (Bull) Connoer Who: The Police commissioner in Birmingham
Alabama\nWhat: Arrested 959 men because he prohibited these demonstrations\nWhen: May 2
Gov. George Wallace Who: The Governor of Alabama\nWhat: Had troops sent to him by president JFK\nWhen: June 11
1963\nWhere: Alabama
Medgar Evers Who: NAACP field Secretary and a WWII veteran\nWhat: He was murdered by getting shot by a sniper.\nWhen: June 11–12
1963 \nWhere: Outside of his house\nWhy: Because there was a white supremacist who did not agree with him and did not like him
De facto segregation Segregation that exists by practice and custom.
