United Nations
founded in 1945 to promote world peace an international peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong
Satellite nation
a country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation
Containment
the blocking of another nation’s attempts to spread its influence—especially the efforts of the United States to block the spread of Soviet influence during the late 1940s and early 1950s
Iron curtain
a phrase used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe an imaginary line that separated Communist countries in the Soviet bloc of Eastern Europe from countries inWestern Europe
Cold War
the state of hostility, without direct military conflict,that developed between the United States and the Soviet Unionafter World War II
Truman Doctrine
U.S. policy, announced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents
Marshall Plan
the program, proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, under which the United States supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after World War II.
Berlin Airlift
a 327–day operation in which U.S.and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city in 1948.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European countries, the United States, and Canada
Potsdam Conference
In July 1945, The U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met at Postdam. Clement Attlee replaced Churchill’s spot, and Stalin promised to allow free elections
Chiang Kai–shek
Nationalist government; U.S. supported between 1945-1949, and sent about $3 billion in aid
Mao Zedong
A communist leader who gained strength throughout the country
Taiwan
Chiang and the remaining of his government fled to the island, also called Formosa
38th parallel
Japanese troops north of the parallel surrendered to the Soviets, and troops south of the parallel surrendered to the Americans
Korean War
a conflict between North Korea and South Korea, lasting from 1950 to 1953, in which the United States, along with other UN countries, fought on the side of the South Koreans and China fought on the side of the NorthKoreans
HUAC
a congressional committee that investigated Communist influence inside and outside the U.S. government inthe years following World War II
Hollywood Ten
ten witnesses from the film industry who refused to cooperate with the HUAC’s investigation of Communist influence in Hollywood
Blacklist
a list of about 500 actors, writers, producers, and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections
Alger Hiss
accused of spying for the Soviet Union
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
activists in the American Communist Party, but denied the charges against them using the 5th amendment
Joseph McCarty
Anti-Communist Republican senator from Wisconsin
McCarthyism
the act of unsupported accusations of communism in the early 1950s
H–Bomb
the hydrogen bomb—a thermonuclear weapon much more powerful than the atomic bomb
Dwight D. Eisenhower
The President
