Chapter 4- Communicating, perceiving, and understanding

Question 1

Perception-

Answer 1

nhan thuc. Identities influence

Question 2

3 stages of perceptions:

1. Selection-
2. Organization-
3. Interpretation-

Answer 2

1. Choosing which information to focus on.
2. Recognize what input represents.
3. Evaluation.

Question 3

1. Selection-
   Selective attention-
   Selective exposure-

Answer 3

• Choosing which information to focus on.
• attending to a narrow range of information available and ignore the remainder.
• People expose themselves to external stimuli in a selective way.

Question 4

1. Organization-

Schema-

Answer 4

• Recognize what input represents.

- Your understanding of a concept.

Question 5

Perceptual schema (cognitive representation)-

Answer 5

Ability to form mental model of the world. Organizing raw data.

Question 6

Physical schemata (Prototypes)-

Answer 6

An idealized concept.

Question 7

Interaction schemata (Scripts)-

Answer 7

Fixed sequence of events that acts as a guide for communication.

Question 8

Stereotyping-

Answer 8

Creating schema that overgeneralize specific group.

Question 9

3. Interpretation-

Answer 9

Evaluation.

Question 10

Frames-

Answer 10

Shapes how people interpret their perceptions.

Question 11

Influences on interpretation

Answer 11

1) Degree of involvement
2) Relational satisfaction
3) Past experience
4) Assumptions about human behavior
5) Expectations
6) Knowledge of Others

Question 12

Influences on Perception-

Answer 12

Physiological Influences
Psychological Influences
Social Influences

Question 13

Standpoint theory-

Answer 13

View point toward particular issue based on their own perspective.

Question 14

Consensus-

Answer 14

Similarity to others

Question 15

Consistency (Stability)-

Answer 15

Similarity over time

Question 16

Distinctiveness (Specificity)-

Answer 16

Similarity in different situations

Question 17

Controllability (Responsibility)-

Answer 17

Was behavior in person’s control or not?

Question 18

Confident attribution-

Answer 18

high in all four (consensus, consistency, distinctiveness, controllability); other combo still offer meaningful information.

Question 19

Fundamental Attribution Error occurs when

Answer 19

1. Negative behaviors to external factors.
2. Positive behaviors to internal factors.
3. Benefit

Question 20

Other cues to base inferences:

Answer 20

1. Social Desirability and Role- your position in society.