Chapter 4.1

Question 1

Contrast aldoses and ketoses

Answer 1

Aldoses
->most oxidized group is an aldehyde group

Ketose
->most oxidized group is a ketone group

Question 2

What are sugars acting through glycoside linkages referred to as?

Answer 2

-they are referred to as glycosyl residues

Question 3

Provide the definition of a stereoisomer

Answer 3

• also referred to as an optical isomer
• compounds that have the same chemical formula
• > differ from one another in terms of their spatial arrangement of the atoms

Question 4

Define enantiomers

Answer 4

• a special type of stereoisomer
• these molecules are nonsuperimposable MIRROR images of each other
• no plane of symmetry

Question 5

What happens as the number of chiral carbons increases in a stereoisomer

Answer 5

• as the number of chiral carbons increases

- >the number of stereoisomers also increases

Question 6

What are epimers

Answer 6

• they are diastereomers

- >that differ in configuration at exactly one chiral center

Question 7

How many enantiomers and diastereomers can a molecule have

Answer 7

• only one enantiomer

- but can possess multiple diastereomers