What are fatty acids
-carboxylic acids that contain a hydrocarbon chain and terminal carboxyl group
What are triacylglycerols
- they are the storage lipids involve in human metabolic processes
- > they contain three fatty acid chains esterified to a glycerol molecule
What are two important essential fatty acids for humans
-alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid
What are saturated fats
-they are the main components of animal fats and tend to exist as solids at room temperature
What can phospholipids assemble into
-they assemble into micelles (monolayer vesicles) or liposomes(bilayered vesicles)
What does the phosphate group of glycerophospholipids provide
-they provide attachments to water-soluble groups
Are waxes rarely found in cell membranes
- yes
- > as they are very hydrophobic
- long chain fatty acid and a long chain alcohol which means it has high melting point
- most waxes serve as an extracellular function where they provide protection or waterproofing
What is the difference between transmembrane proteins and embedded proteins
- transmembrane spans the whole membrane, while embedded is either on the cytoplasmic side or on the exterior side of the cell membrane
- > together, transmembrane and embedded proteins make up integral proteins
What are peripheral proteins
- they are membrane associated proteins
- > bound through electrostatic interactions with the lipid bilayer
- > especially at lipid rafts or to other transmembrane or embedded proteins
- > like the G proteins found in G coupled receptors
-transporters, channels and receptors are generally transmembrane proteins
What are gap junctions
- they allow for direct cell to cell communication and are often found in small bunches together
- gap junctions are also called connexons and are formed by the alignment and interaction of pores made up of six molecules called connexin
- note gap junctions allow for the movement of water and some solutes directly between cells
- > proteins are not transferred between gap junctions
What are tight junctions
- they prevent solutes from leaking into the space between cells via a paracellular route
- tight junctions are found in epithelial cells and form as a single layer of tissue
What are desmosomes
- bind adjacent cells by anchoring their cytoskeletons
- > they are formed by interactions between transmembrane proteins associated with intermediate filaments inside adjacent cells
- desmosomes are primarily found at the interface between two layers of epithelial tissues
- hemidesmosomes attach epithelial cells to underlying structures like the basement membrane
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Chapter 2.18
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Chapter 2.27
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Chapter 2.36
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Chapter 2.41
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Chapter 2.57
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Chapter 3.117
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Chapter 3.25
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Chapter 3.319
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Chapter 4.17
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Chapter 4.25
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Chapter 4.33
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Chapter 4.413
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Chapter 5.111
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Chapter 5.217
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Chapter 5.37
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Chapter 6.110
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Chapter 6.28
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Chapter 6.310
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Chapter 6.48
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Chapter 6.514
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Chapter 7.111
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Chapter 7.213
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Chapter 7.310
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Chapter 7.47
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Chapter 7.56
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Chapter 9.15
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Chapter 9.213
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Chapter 9.33
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Chapter 9.44
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Chapter 9.511
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Chapter 9.614
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Chapter 9.74
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Chapter 12.12
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Chapter 12.25
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Chapter 12.32
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Chapter 12.49
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Chapter 12.515
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Chapter 12.610
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Chapter 10.16
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Chapter 10.212
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Chapter 10.310
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Chapter 8.15
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Chapter 8.212
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Chapter 8.32
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Chapter 8.43
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Chapter 10.43
