Chapter 5: Microbrial Metabolism

Question 1

What does autotroph mean?

Answer 1

Self feeding

Question 2

What does heterotroph mean?

Answer 2

Other feeding

Question 3

What are considered autotrophs?

Answer 3

Plants

Question 4

What are considered heterotrophs?

Answer 4

Animals, Protozoa, fungi, and most bacteria

Question 5

Define metabolism

Answer 5

The sum of all the biochemical processes carried out by living organisms

Question 6

Define catabolic

Answer 6

Release energy when something is degraded

Question 7

Define anabolic

Answer 7

Uses energy when substances are built

Question 8

Oxidation

Answer 8

Loss electrons

Question 9

Reduction

Answer 9

Gain electrons

Question 10

What are the four components of metabolic pathways?

Answer 10

1. Substrate- reactants
2. Intermediate- by products
3. End products- desired results
4. Enzymes- catalysts

Question 11

What is the components/functions of an enzyme?

Answer 11

1. Speed up reaction by decreasing activation energy
2. Have active sites
3. High specificity for their substrate
4. Unchanged by reactions

Question 12

Why are enzymes considered recyclable?

Answer 12

They do not become part of the product

Question 13

What is the effect of high temperatures on enzymes?

Answer 13

Reaction rate increase but decrease once denaturation happens

Question 14

What is the effect of low temperatures on enzymes?

Answer 14

Reaction rates will decrease once the temp drops, cell process begins to slow and may halt

Question 15

What is the effect of high and low pH n enzymes?

Answer 15

Reaction rate will decrease due to denaturation

Question 16

What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzymes?

Answer 16

High levels of substrate will increase reaction to a point.

Question 17

What pigment is required for photosynthesis?

Answer 17

Chlorophyll

Question 18

Where does photosynthesis occur in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 18

Cell membrane

Question 19

Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 19

Chloroplast

Question 20

Light dependent =

Answer 20

Photolysis

Question 21

What is photolysis?

Answer 21

Water splitting

Question 22

Products of light dependent?

Answer 22

ATP and NADPH

Question 23

What does light independent reactions require and what do they produce?

Answer 23

1. CO2
2. Glucose

Question 24

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight —> glucose + oxygen

Question 25

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 25

In the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 26

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

Answer 26

1 glucose and 2 ATP

Question 27

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Answer 27

2 pyruvate, net 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 28

Where does the Kreb and oxidative phosphorylation occur in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 28

Cytoplasm

Question 29

Where does the kreb and oxidative phosphorylation occur in eukaryotic cell?

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

How many ATP are produced from one NADH?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

How many ATP are produced from one FADH2?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

How many NET ATP produced from on glucose molecule in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 32

38 ATP

Question 33

How many NET ATP produced from on glucose molecule in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 33

36

Question 34

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 34

glucose + oxygen —> ATP + water + CO2

Question 35

What are the uses for ATP?

Answer 35

Biosynthesis activities and membrane transport/movement

Question 36

What is the major function of fermentation?

Answer 36

Recycle electron carrier for the continuation of glycolysis

Question 37

What are possible end products of the fermentation pathways?

Answer 37

Lactic acid Ethyl alcohol NAD+