list six functions of the skin
protective covering, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes various biochemicals, and excretes waste
define integumentary system
the body’s outer layer, including skin, hair, nails, and glands
What is the function of the epidermis
-cells divide faster, protective covering, synthesis of vitamin D, retention of blood fluids, and sensations
what happens during keratinization
-as epidermis divides cells gets pushed further to surface away from the dermis
-lacks nutrients and eventually die hardening in the process
what is the function of melanoctyes
produce melanin
what are factors that affect skin color
-amount of melanin that melanocytes produce (can be caused by genes)
-sunlight and UV stimulate production of melanin
-diet high in certain foods
-biochemical imbalances
what are the functions of dermal nervous tissue
supply nutrients to all skin cells, regulate body temperature, carry impulses from brain to dermal muscles and glands
what is the hypodermis layer and its function
-below the dermis
-conserves body heat, contains blood vessels that supply the skin
-composed of fat
how is blood supplied to various skin layers
connection between the dermis and hypodermis contains various blood vessels that supply blood to skin
what is the difference between hair and a hair follicle
-hair is what grows out of a hair follicle but is dead keratin
-the hair follicle is alive and is skin that the hair grows from
what is the function of sebaceous glands
secrete sebum which is used to keep hair and skin soft, pliable and waterproof
what is the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
-eccrine; respond to change in temperature; located in head, neck, and back
-apocrine; responds to emotions or pain; located in axillary and groin
how is body heat produced
Heat is a by-product of cellular metabolism
ex.) cellular respiration
how do sweat glands regulate body temperature
- Sweat glands become active when body gets hot
- Sweat is released onto body
- As sweat evaporates carries heat with it cooling the body
how does the body respond to decreasing body temperature
- Muscle in the walls of dermal blood vessels stimulate to contract
- Decreases blood flow throughout the skin and reduces heat loss
- Sweat glands remain inactive
- If body temperature continues to drop nervous system stimulates muscle fibers throughout the body to contract
- Increases rate of cellular respiration
- If body temperature still not in optimal range group of muscles contracts simultaneously with greater force
- Causes person to shiver generating more heat
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What are the five layers of the epidermis?
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
Come, Lets get sun burned
What are the two layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular layer
What is the hair made out of?
Flexible strand of dead keratinized cells
What are the four different type of glands?
sweat, ceruminous, mammary, and sebaceous
What are the functions of eccrine and apocrine glands
eccrine (most)
-secretion occurs in dermis and secreted out of a pore
apocrine
-secrete fat and protein causing body odor
What is the function ceruminous glands?
produce earwax
What is the function of mammary glands?
produces breast milk
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
secretes sebum which lubricates hair and skin
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Chapter 3 Cells28
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Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism18
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Appendicular Skeleton25
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Lower Extremities20
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Function of Epithelial Tissue9
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Function of the Different Glands5
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Function of Fibers6
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Other Cells found in Connective Tissue9
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Function of the Different Types of Cartilage4
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Types of Muscle Tissue5
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Function of the Different Membranes in Tissue3
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Chapter 6 Skin29
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Chapter 7: Skeletal System21
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Chapter 7: Joints11
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Chapter 7: Type of Joint Movement17
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Chapter 821
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Chapter 9: Nervous System51
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Chapter 10: Somatic and Special Senses49
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Heart Anatomy24
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Muscles origin, insertion, and action3
