Chapter 9: Nervous System

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Mass of nerve cells
-respond to stimuli and transmit signals

Question 2

Nerve impulses

Answer 2

Chemical signal that transmits information to other neurons and cells outside the nervous system to cause a response

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

picks up signals to pass to cell body

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

transmits impulses away from cell body to other cells

Question 5

Myelin

Answer 5

Insulates nerve cell allowing electrical impulses to travel quickly and maintain strength

Question 6

Axon Terminal

Answer 6

Where impulse gets sent and transmit signal to other cells

Question 7

Neuroglia Cells

Answer 7

Non- neuronal cells that provide physical support, insulation, and nutrients to neurons

Question 8

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 8

Brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 9

nerves from brain and spinal cord that help connect CNS with rest of the body for communication

Question 10

Describe the location and function of sensory receptors

Answer 10

• located everywhere on the body
• gather changes in the environment and convert it to nerve impulses so body can perceive the world

Question 11

Effectors

Answer 11

Cells outside the nervous system that carry impulses from CNS to responsive structures

Question 12

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 12

Controls voluntary movement of the skeletal system

Question 13

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 13

Controls effectors that are involuntary

Question 14

Microglial cells

Answer 14

-immune defense

Question 15

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

-produce myelin sheath

Question 16

Astrocytes

Answer 16

-regulate ions
-govern exchange of materials between neurons and capillaries

Question 17

Ependymal cells

Answer 17

-line body cavities

Question 18

Neurofibrils

Answer 18

extends in axons helping with function

Question 19

Chromatophilic substance

Answer 19

similar to rough endoplasmic reticulim

Question 20

Neurilemma

Answer 20

surrounds myeline

Question 21

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 21

nodes between Schwann cells

Question 22

How is regenerations of CNS nerves different from PNS?

Answer 22

CNS nerves normally do not regenerate. PNS nerves are able to regenerate

Question 23

synapse

Answer 23

junctions between two communicating neurons

Question 24

multipolar neurons

Answer 24

multiple processes
-axon, dendrites, and cell body
-most neurons

Question 25

bipolar neurons

Answer 25

two processes -dendrites and axon -rarest

Question 26

unipolar neurons

Answer 26

one process

Question 27

sensory neurons

Answer 27

information carried into CNS

Question 28

interneurons

Answer 28

information contained within CNS

Question 29

motor neurons

Answer 29

information carried out of the CNS

Question 30

schwann cells

Answer 30

make myelin sheath

Question 31

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

Answer 31

-sensory input -integration -motor output

Question 32

afferent

Answer 32

picks up sensory stimuli

Question 33

efferent

Answer 33

sends information to brain, muscles, and glands

Question 34

What is the charges of a resting neuron

Answer 34

-more negative on inside

Question 35

What ions are found inside and outside a neuron cell

Answer 35

-outside Na+ -inside K+ with negative proteins

Question 36

Polarized

Answer 36

a negative cell membrane

Question 37

What is the arrangement of (+) and (-) ions in the cell caused by

Answer 37

sodium potassium pump

Question 38

voltage-gated channel

Answer 38

open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

Question 39

ligand-gated channels

Answer 39

open when specific neurotransmitters binds onto receptor

Question 40

mechanical-gated channels

Answer 40

open when cell membrane is physically stretched

Question 41

Why is the movement of ions within a cell membrane important

Answer 41

key to all electrical events in neurons

Question 42

depolarization

Answer 42

cell's resting potential becomes less negative or more positive

Question 43

Neurotransmitter

Answer 43

tiny vesicles that store chemicals

Question 44

excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 44

brings a neurons closer to its threshold making it more likely that a recieving neuron will reach action potential

Question 45

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 45

brings a neuron further from its threshold making it less likely that a neuron will reach its action potential

Question 46

neuronal pools

Answer 46

group of neurons that work together to perform a common function

Question 47

facilitation

Answer 47

neurons response is greater during the second stimulus than the first

Question 48

convergence

Answer 48

axons originate from different of the nervous system but lead to the same neuron

Question 49

divergence

Answer 49

single neuron sends its signal to multiple other neurons

Question 50

sensory nerves

Answer 50

conduct impulses to brain or spinal cord

Question 51

motor nerves

Answer 51

carry impulses to muscle or glands