Chapter 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the epiphysis of the long bone?

Answer 1

end part of bone

Question 2

What is the articular cartilage of the long bone?

Answer 2

covers the end of bones
-allows bones to glide past each other with minimal friction

Question 3

What is the diaphysis of the long bone?

Answer 3

shaft of the bone (long portion)

Question 4

What is the periosteum of the long bone?

Answer 4

tough, vascular, fibrous membrane that lines the outer layer of bones
-helps form and repair bone tissue

Question 5

What is the compact bone of a long bone?

Answer 5

dense and hard tissue making up the diaphysis
-provides strength of protection and resist bending

Question 6

What is the medullary cavity of the long bone?

Answer 6

hollow space in the diaphysis
-stores fat in form of yellow bone marrow
-site of red blood cells and white blood cells production
-houses blood vessels

Question 7

What is the spongy bone of the long bone?

Answer 7

porous (has holes) found in the interior of bones making up the epiphyes
-contains red bone marrow

Question 8

What is the endosteum of the long bone?

Answer 8

vascular layer of cells that lines the inside of bones

Question 9

What is the marrow of the long bone?

Answer 9

fills the endosteum
-produces blood cells

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

bone cells

Question 11

extracellular matrix

Answer 11

-composed of collagen and inorganic salts
-makes bones strong and resistant to crushing

Question 12

Central canals

Answer 12

-contains blood vessels and nerves
-supplies bone cells with nourishment

Question 13

What are intramembranous bones?

Answer 13

bones that form from sheetlike layers of connective tissue
-flat bones

Question 14

What are endochondral bones?

Answer 14

bones that form from masses of cartilage
-most bones

Question 15

How do intramembranous bones form?

Answer 15

-connective tissue appears at the site of future bones
-some connective tissue differentates into osteoblast
-spongy bone forms around connective tissue
-cells outside developing bone gives rise to periosteum
-osteoblast inside form compact bone over spongy bone
-extracellular matrix surrounds osteoblast and matures into osteocyte

Question 16

How do endochondral bones form?

Answer 16

-center of diaphysis of a cartilage model begins to break down
-periosteum forms from connective tissue in diaphysis
-blood vessels and osteoblast from periosteum invade disintegrated catrtilage and spongy bone
-epipyes continues to grow
-cartilage cells in epiphyseal plate undergo mitosis and make new cells

Question 17

What are the four functions of bones?

Answer 17

support and protection, body movement, blood cells formation and storage of inorganic salt

Question 18

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 18

blood cell formation

Question 19

What is the difference between red and yellow marrow?

Answer 19

-Red marrow forms red blood cells, white blood cells and blood plateles
-red because oxygen-carrying pigment hemoglobin
-Yellow marrow replaces red marrow in adulthood
-stores fat not active in blood cell production

Question 20

Where are inorganic salts found?

Answer 20

-extracellular matrix of bone tissue is rich in calcium
-vital metabolic processes require calcium

Question 21

What is hormonal regulation of production of calcium?

Answer 21

blood low in calcium
-osteoclast stimulated to break down bone tissue
-releases calcium salts
blood high in calcium
-osteoclast activity is inhibited
-osteoblast stimulated to form new bones to store excess calcium