What are the three main characteristics of conversations?
Interactive, spontaneous, and locally managed
What does “locally managed” mean?
The conversation flow is adjusted naturally by the participants rather than pre-planned
Give examples of different conversation purposes
Small talk, Catching up, Joking around, Making up, Offering a helping hand
What are the main rules for conversational ethics?
Be empathetic, equal, supportive, avoid interrupting, and protect others’ privacy
How can you start a friendly conversation with a stranger?
Offer a sincere compliment or ask an open question about something in the moment
What’s the difference between formal and informal conversations?
Formal = structured , professional (boss)
Informal = Casual (friends/family)
How should you end a conversation politely?
With a short positive closing
How do Low-Context and High-Context cultures differ?
Low-Context = direct and clear
High-Context = indirect and polite
Why can digital conversations create pressure?
People expect instant replies; constant notifications make focus difficult
What’s one negative effect of multitasking during a conversation?
It signals disinterest and reduces understanding and connection