Chapter 9- Joints

Question 1

How do Joints classify?

Answer 1

Based on how movable or immovable they are and the material binding them together

Question 2

How many joints does the body contain?

Answer 2

300

Question 3

What is the only bone without a joint?

Answer 3

Hyoid Bone (neck)

Question 4

What are the joint classifications?

Answer 4

Fixed, Semi-movable, & Freely movable

Question 5

Fibrous Joints

Answer 5

bound by fibers. They are called fixed joints (or synarthroses). The adult skull and ankle are examples

Question 6

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 6

joined by cartilage. Called semi-movable joints (or amphiarthroses), an example is the symphysis pubis: a joint formed by the articulation of the two pubic portions of os coxae with a pad of cartilage called a symphysis.

Question 7

Synovial Joints

Answer 7

contain a fluid-filled joint capsule. Called Freely movable joints (or diarthroses), these are the most numerous and versatile joints.
Ex: wrist/ankle

Question 8

Bursa

Answer 8

small sacs filled with synovial fluid
reside in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences to facilitate movement and ease friction—-hinge joints/ball and socket joints

Question 9

Pivot Joint

Answer 9

ability to rotate (ex. head)

Question 10

**Hinge Joint

Answer 10

only back and forth movement (elbow & knee)

Question 11

Joint Capsule

Answer 11

A sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity; it extends from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones

Question 12

Synovial Membrane

Answer 12

A moist, slippery membrane that lines the inside of the joint capsule; it secretes synovial fluid

Question 13

Joint Cavity

Answer 13

A small space between the bones that allows for freedom of movement
synovial fluid (a slippery, viscous fluid with the consistency of an egg white); synovial fluid lubricates the joint, nourishes the cartilage, and contains phagocytes to remove debris

Question 14

Articular cartilage

Answer 14

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers bone surfaces; in combination with synovial fluid, it permits friction-free movement

Question 15

Ligaments

Answer 15

Tough cords of connective tissue that help bind the bones more firmly together

Question 16

Most of the joints in the body are:

Answer 16

Synovial Joints

Question 17

Ball-and Socket Joint

Answer 17

the ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cuplike socket of another bone widest range of motion of all joints
Ex: shoulder and hip joints. rotation/abduction/adduction

Question 18

Gliding Joint

Answer 18

two relatively flat bone surfaces slide over each other; surrounding ligaments limit the amount of movement.l east mobile of all the synovial joints
ex: tarsal bones of the ankle flexion/extension

Question 19

Saddle Joint

Answer 19

surfaces of both bones are shaped like the surface of a saddle (side-to-side motion is limited) located in the thumbs-allows the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers, giving us the ability to grasp small objects.

Question 20

Condyloid Joint

Answer 20

an oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another. They allow flexion and extension, as well as side-to-side movement.

Question 21

Which joint offers the widest range of motion?

Answer 21

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Question 22

Flexion

Answer 22

bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint

Question 23

Extension

Answer 23

straightening a joint increasing the angle between the bones

Question 24

Hyperextension

Answer 24

extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position

Question 25

Movement of synovial joints depends on

Answer 25

Shape of the joint Involvement of nearby muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Question 26

Dorsiflexion

Answer 26

moving the toes or foot upward

Question 27

Plantar flexion

Answer 27

moving the toes or foot downward

Question 28

Abduction

Answer 28

movement of a body part away from the midline

Question 29

Adduction

Answer 29

movement of a body part toward the midline

Question 30

Circumduction

Answer 30

distal end of an appendage, such as the arm or leg, moves in a circle

Question 31

internal rotation

Answer 31

bone spins towards the body's midline

Question 32

external rotation

Answer 32

bone spins away from the body's midline

Question 33

supination

Answer 33

movement that turns the palm upward

Question 34

pronation

Answer 34

movement that turns the palm downward

Question 35

inversion

Answer 35

foot movement that turns the ole medially toward the other foot

Question 36

eversion

Answer 36

foot movement that turns the sole laterally away from the other foot

Question 37

Protraction

Answer 37

moves a joint forward in a horizontal plane

Question 38

Retraction

Answer 38

moves a joint backward in a horizontal plane

Question 39

Pronation describes which movement?

Answer 39

turning the palm downward

Question 40

humeroscapular joint

Answer 40

denoting the articulation of the humerus with the scapula

Question 41

glenohumeral joint

Answer 41

denoting the articulation of the head of the humerus- the shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint has the greatest range of motion of any joint. shoulder has four bursae. The tendons of several surrounding muscles form the rotator cuff

Question 42

What joint is most likely to dislocate?

Answer 42

Shoulder

Question 43

Clavicle

Answer 43

most fractured bone in the body

Question 44

Bursae

Answer 44

small sacs filled with synovial fluid that erase friction in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences

Question 45

elbow

Answer 45

Hinge Joint and the head of the radius ligaments on either side of the elbow help stabilize the joint

Question 46

tibiofemoral joint

Answer 46

knee is the largest and most complex joint in the body

Question 47

medial meniscus and lateral meniscus

Answer 47

cartilage that allows shock absorption keep the knee from rotating when the joint is extended.

Question 48

How many bursae are in the knee?

Answer 48

13

Question 49

The _________ cruciate ligament & the _________ cruciate ligament cross each other and further stabilize the knee

Answer 49

Posterior (PCL) Anterior (ACL)

Question 50

What does the ACL do?

Answer 50

keeps the knee from hyperextending

Question 51

What does the PCL do?

Answer 51

limits sideways motion at the knee

Question 52

Because the _______ has few surrounding muscles, it is injured more often than the ______

Answer 52

Knee Hip

Question 53

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 53

autoimmune disease in which the body's antibodies attack the synovial membranes, leading to degeneration of the articular cartilage and thickening of the synovial membrane

Question 54

What joint does the hip have?

Answer 54

Ball-and-Socket

Question 55

What helps hold the femur in place?

Answer 55

ACL & PCL

Question 56

What is more stable the hip or the shoulder?

Answer 56

Hip

Question 57

****Sutures

Answer 57

Non-movable joints

Question 58

****Atlas

Answer 58

The first cervical vertebra

Question 59

****Axis

Answer 59

The second cervical vertebra