Chapter 99 - Tarsus

Question 1

1. What bones make up the tarsus (10)

Answer 1

• Tibia
• Talus
• Calcaneus
• Central tarsal bone
• Fused 1st and 2nd tarsal bone
• 3rd tarsal bone
• 4th tarsal bone
• MT2
• MT3
• MT4

Question 2

2. What soft tissues maintain the tarsal bones in intimate contact? (4)

Answer 2

• Intertarsal ligaments
• Collateral ligaments
• Fibrous joint capsule
• Plantar tarsal ligament

Question 3

3. The medial and lateral tarsal collateral ligaments each consist of what 2 ligaments?

Answer 3

• Short
• Long

Question 4

4. What does the long collateral ligament attach to? (4)

Answer 4

• Distal tibia
• Proximal metatarsus (splint, etc.)
• Talus
• Small tarsal bones

Question 5

5. What are the 3 main sections of the short collateral ligaments?

Answer 5

• Superficial
• Middle
• Deep

Question 6

6. Where do the short collateral ligaments originate? Attach?

Answer 6

• Medial/lateral malleolus, cranial to the origin of the long collateral ligaments
• Talus and calcaneus

Question 7

7. Which tarsal collateral ligament is taut in extension?

Answer 7

• The long collateral ligament

Question 8

8. Which tarsal collateral ligament is taut in flexion, loose in extension?

Answer 8

• The short collateral ligament

Question 9

9. What are the 5 joints of the tarsus?

Answer 9

• Tarsocrural (tibiotarsal)
• Proximal intertarsal joint
• Distal intertarsal joint
• Tarsometatarsal joint
• Talocalcaneal joint

Question 10

10. Where does the vast majority of motion occur in the tarsus?

Answer 10

• Tibiotarsal joint

Question 11

11. Which tarsal joints communicate?

Answer 11

• PIT and tibiotarsal

Question 12

12. Which extensor tendon spans the dorsal aspect of the tarsus?

Answer 12

• Long digital extensor tendon

Question 13

13. Just distal to the tarsal region, which two tendons unite?

Answer 13

• Lateral digital extensor tendon
• Long digital extensor tendon

Question 14

14. Two tendons course parallel to the long digital extensor tendon

Answer 14

• Peroneus tertius
• Tibialis cranialis

Question 15

15. The peroneus tertius is penetrated by the ________ tendon and later divides into 3 branches before inserting onto the _______, _______, _________, and _______.

Answer 15

• Tibialis cranialis muscle
• Central tarsal bone
• 3rd tarsal bone
• 4th tarsal bone
• Proximal metatarsal region

Question 16

16. The medial branch of the peroneus tertius tendon is also known as the ______________.

Answer 16

• Cunean tendon

Question 17

17. What forms the cranial portion of the reciprocal apparatus?

Answer 17

• Peroneus tertius

Question 18

18. What forms the caudal portion of the reciprocal apparatus?

Answer 18

• The gastrocnemius muscle and tendon

Question 19

19. What is the path of the SDFT in the hind limb

Answer 19

• Attached to the abaxial aspects of the calcaneus via the medial and lateral retinacula and continues distad to the digit.

Question 20

20. What are the 3 bursa associated with the gastrocnemius?

Answer 20

• Intertendinous calcaneal bursa
• Gastrocnemius calcaneal bursa
• Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Question 21

21. What is the bursa located between the SDFT and the gastroc tendon?

Answer 21

• Intertendinous calcaneal bursa

Question 22

22. Where is the intertendinous calcaneal bursa located?

Answer 22

• Between the SDF and the gastrocnemius tendon proximally and, distally, between the SDF and the long plantar ligament.

Question 23

23. What is the bursa dorsal to the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon on the tuber calcanei?

Answer 23

• The gastrocnemius calcaneal bursa

Question 24

24. Where is the gastrocnemius calcaneal bursa?

Answer 24

• Dorsal to the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon on the tuber calcanei

Question 25

25. Where is the subcutaneous calcaneal bursa located?

Answer 25

- Between the subcutaneous tissue and the gastrocnemius tendon

Question 26

26. What bursa lies between the skin and the gastrocnemius tendon?

Answer 26

- Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Question 27

27. Which of the 3 calcaneal bursa is most likely to be its own separate structure?

Answer 27

- Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa.

Question 28

28. Which tendons contribute to the deep digital flexor tendon that runs over the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 28

- Tibialis caudalis - Lateral digital flexor muscle

Question 29

29. The space that the tibialis caudalis and lateral digital flexor muscle travel through is known as the _________?

Answer 29

- Tarsal canal

Question 30

30. What structures pass through the tarsal canal? (2)

Answer 30

- Tibialis caudalis - Lateral digital flexor tendon