chapter one

Question 1

biology

Answer 1

the study of life and living things

Question 2

properties and processes associated with life

Answer 2

order, growth/development, reproduction, regulation, response to environment, evolutionary adaptation, energy processing

Question 3

hierarchy of organization

Answer 3

1. atom
2. molecule
3. organelle
4. cell, tissue
5. organ
6. organ system
7. organism
8. population
9. community
10. ecosystem
11. biosphere

Question 4

cell

Answer 4

the smallest unit capable of all life activities

Question 5

all cells come from other cells (T/F)

Answer 5

true for creationists

Question 6

2 major types of cells

Answer 6

prokaryotic and eurkaryotic

Question 7

prokaryotic

Answer 7

• “before nucleus”
• lacks membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
• domain bacteriae and archaea
• simple

Question 8

eukaryotic

Answer 8

• “true nucleus”
• has membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
• contains many membranes
• domain eukarya

Question 9

chromosomes in dividing cells

Answer 9

contains DNA, which contains thousands of genes

Question 10

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 10

molecule that contains blueprint for organism
- easily copied

Question 11

gene expression

Answer 11

information from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 12

producers

Answer 12

• plants, photosynthesizers
• convert light energy to chemical energy

Question 13

consumers

Answer 13

• feed off of producers and other consumers

Question 14

interaction within an organism

Answer 14

negative feedback: end product accumulates, process slows down
- blood sugar and insulin
- glycolysis and ATP levels
- aa biosynthetic pathways
positive feedback: process speeds up
- giving birth
- blood clotting

Question 15

interaction between organisms and environment

Answer 15

organisms:
- bird feeding off of oxen
environment:
- roots/worms loosening soil

Question 16

taxonomy

Answer 16

naming and classifying

Question 17

3 domains

Answer 17

domain bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 18

domain bacteria

Answer 18

prokaryotic, unicellular, most diverse/widespread, microscopic

Question 19

domain archaea

Answer 19

prokaryotic, unicellular, extreme environments

Question 20

domain eukarya kingdoms

Answer 20

protista, plantae, fungi, animilia

Question 21

protista

Answer 21

protozoans, unicellular/multicellular algae

Question 22

plantae

Answer 22

multicellular, photosynthesis

Question 23

fungi

Answer 23

nutritional (absorbs nutrients from environment)

Question 24

animilia

Answer 24

multicellular, feeds off of organisms

Question 25

levels of classification

Answer 25

- domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species

Question 26

unity in diversity

Answer 26

"remarkable unity" on cellular/molecular level - ex. cilia on lake organism and in lungs

Question 27

natural selection

Answer 27

traits that enhance survival and reproduction increase in frequency in a population

Question 28

structure fits function

Answer 28

bat wings, flower parts

Question 29

common ancestor or

Answer 29

common creator

Question 30

descent with modification

Answer 30

contemporary species arises from ancestors

Question 31

organic evolution by natural selection

Answer 31

variation, overpopulation, competition (survival of the fittest), inheritance of fitness

Question 32

inquiry

Answer 32

search for information/explanation

Question 33

discovery science

Answer 33

describes natural structures/processes as accurately as possible

Question 34

definition of data

Answer 34

recorded observations

Question 35

2 types of data

Answer 35

1. qualitative - observations 2. quantitative - measurements/numbers

Question 36

inductive reasoning

Answer 36

specific to general

Question 37

hypothesis

Answer 37

tentative answer to a question - "educated guess" - makes predictions which can be tested

Question 38

deductive reasoning

Answer 38

general to specific

Question 39

scientific method

Answer 39

1. observe 2. question 3. hypothesis 4. predictions 5. tests 6. back to hypothesis

Question 40

benefits of scientific method

Answer 40

easy to rule out false hypothesis

Question 41

cautions of scientific method

Answer 41

can't prove hypothesis, needs to be tested

Question 42

controlled experiments

Answer 42

experimental group compared to control group

Question 43

independent variable

Answer 43

factor being manipulated by researchers

Question 44

dependent variable

Answer 44

affected by independent variable

Question 45

limitations of science

Answer 45

only deals with natural phenomena, not supernatural

Question 46

theories

Answer 46

hypothesis supported by large body of evidence

Question 47

technology

Answer 47

applies scientific knowledge for specific purpose