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Question 1

What does diffuse pain/tenderness mean?

Answer 1

Pain that is spread out over a broad area, not sharply localized.

Question 2

What does point tenderness mean?

Answer 2

Pain that is localized to a specific spot when palpated.

Question 3

Example of diffuse tenderness?

Answer 3

Muscle soreness (DOMS).

Question 4

Example of point tenderness?

Answer 4

Stress fracture or ligament sprain.

Question 5

Define tendinopathy.

Answer 5

Overuse injury to tendon or tendon sheath caused by repetitive microtrauma.

Question 6

What are the 3 main types of tendinopathy?

Answer 6

Tendinitis, tendinosis, tenosynovitis.

Question 7

What is tendinitis?

Answer 7

Inflammation of a tendon, usually in early stages.

Question 8

What is tendinosis?

Answer 8

Degeneration of tendon fibers without inflammation.

Question 9

What is tenosynovitis?

Answer 9

Inflammation of a tendon’s synovial sheath.

Question 10

Signs/symptoms of tendinopathy?

Answer 10

Gradual onset of pain, worsens with activity, TTP (point & diffuse), swelling/thickening, ↓ ROM, crepitus (with synovitis).

Question 11

Early-stage pain pattern of tendinopathy?

Answer 11

Pain may ↓ during activity but ↑ after activity.

Question 12

Treatment of tendinitis?

Answer 12

Stop inflammation (ice, rest, NSAIDs).

Question 13

Treatment of tendinosis?

Answer 13

Promote healing, strengthen tendon, progressive loading.

Question 14

Define a stress fracture.

Answer 14

Overuse injury to bone caused by repetitive microtrauma and inadequate recovery.

Question 15

Cells that build bone?

Answer 15

Osteoblasts.

Question 16

Cells that break down bone?

Answer 16

Osteoclasts.

Question 17

Risk factors for stress fractures?

Answer 17

Overtraining, poor nutrition, low bone density, poor footwear, hard surfaces.

Question 18

Signs/symptoms of stress fracture?

Answer 18

Localized bone pain, swelling, initially pain only with activity → later constant pain, TTP over bone.

Question 19

Imaging for stress fracture?

Answer 19

CT scan, MRI, bone scan (X-ray may not show early).

Question 20

Treatment for stress fracture?

Answer 20

Rest, gradual return, correct biomechanics, softer surfaces, proper shoes.

Question 21

Define osteoarthritis.

Answer 21

Degeneration of articular (hyaline) cartilage, usually from repeated trauma or malalignment.

Question 22

Signs/symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

Localized joint pain, ↑ with activity ↓ with rest, stiffness after rest, worse in morning, crepitus.

Question 23

Treatment for osteoarthritis?

Answer 23

Eliminate stressors, rehab, bracing, possible surgery, supplements.

Question 24

Define bursitis.

Answer 24

Inflammation of a bursa (fluid-filled sac that reduces friction).

Question 25

Causes of bursitis?

Answer 25

Acute compression or chronic irritation.

Question 26

Signs/symptoms of bursitis?

Answer 26

Tenderness (if superficial), obvious swelling (if superficial), limited joint function.

Question 27

Treatment of bursitis?

Answer 27

Reduce stress, padding, balance muscles, possible aspiration or injection.

Question 28

Define neuropraxia.

Answer 28

Temporary nerve conduction block, usually from compression; structure remains intact.

Question 29

Signs/symptoms of neuropraxia?

Answer 29

Temporary loss of function lasting minutes to months.

Question 30

Define neuritis.

Answer 30

Chronic inflammation of a nerve from repeated trauma.

Question 31

General signs/symptoms of nerve injury?

Answer 31

↓ strength, ↓ sensation (hypoesthesia), ↑ sensation (hyperesthesia), numbness/tingling (paresthesia).