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Question 1

What motions occur at the ankle joint?

Answer 1

Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion, internal and external rotation.

Question 2

What motions occur at the toes?

Answer 2

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.

Question 3

What is the MOI for turf toe?

Answer 3

Acute hyperextension of the great toe causing a sprain of the 1st MTP ligaments and capsule.

Question 4

What are the signs and symptoms of turf toe?

Answer 4

Pain with passive or active hyperextension, swelling, ↓ ROM, ↓ flexion strength, tenderness on plantar surface.

Question 5

Treatment for turf toe?

Answer 5

RICE, NSAIDs, ultrasound, iontophoresis, taping, steel plate in shoe, modify activity.

Question 6

Prevention of turf toe?

Answer 6

Good flexibility, firm-soled shoes, proper technique, gradual training.

Question 7

What’s a common complication with turf toe?

Answer 7

Can mimic or lead to sesamoid fracture or sesamoiditis.

Question 8

MOI for a fractured toe?

Answer 8

Direct trauma, crushing, or stubbing injury.

Question 9

S/S of a fractured toe?

Answer 9

Pain, swelling, deformity, ↓ function, crepitus.

Question 10

Tests for fractured toe?

Answer 10

Tap (flick) test, manipulation (fulcrum) test, axial compression, squeeze test.

Question 11

Treatment for a fractured toe?

Answer 11

X-ray to confirm, buddy tape, splint or steel insole, RICE, NSAIDs.

Question 12

What is a subungual hematoma?

Answer 12

Blood accumulation under the nail due to crush or repetitive jamming.

Question 13

S/S of a subungual hematoma?

Answer 13

Pain, swelling, discoloration.

Question 14

Treatment for a subungual hematoma?

Answer 14

Aspirate using needle, safety pin, or cautery; watch for infection or fracture.

Question 15

MOI for heel contusion?

Answer 15

Repetitive impact or stepping on a hard object.

Question 16

S/S of heel contusion vs. stress fx?

Answer 16

Heel Contusion:
Cause: hard impact or landing on heel
Pain: dull, aching pain in bottom of heel
Onset: sudden
Tenderness: over soft tissue/fat pad
Bruising: often visible
Pain relief: improves with rest or padding
Calcaneal Stress Fracture:
Cause: repetitive stress (running, jumping)
Pain: deep, pinpoint pain inside heel bone
Onset: gradual
Tenderness: localized over calcaneus
Bruising: rare
Pain relief: persists even with rest, worse with weight-bearingPain/tenderness, swelling, possible discoloration. Positive squeeze test if fracture.

Question 17

Treatment for heel contusion?

Answer 17

RICE, NSAIDs, donut pad or heel cup, good shoes.

Question 18

Long-term issue with heel contusion?

Answer 18

Fat pad degeneration over time → chronic irritation.

Question 19

MOI for foot sprains?

Answer 19

Twisting or landing unevenly.

Question 20

S/S of foot sprains?

Answer 20

Pain between bones, swelling, ↓ function, no crepitus.

Question 21

Tests for foot sprains?

Answer 21

Rocking and squeeze test, X-ray to rule out fracture.

Question 22

Treatment for foot sprains?

Answer 22

RICE, NSAIDs, steel insole or boot.

Question 23

What is a Jones Fracture?

Answer 23

Fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal.

Question 24

MOI for a Jones fracture?

Answer 24

Trauma (step/kick) or avulsion during inversion ankle sprain.

Question 25

S/S of a Jones fracture?

Answer 25

Pain/TTP at base of 5th, swelling, crepitus, pain with eversion, + rock & squeeze test.

Question 26

Treatment for a Jones fracture?

Answer 26

X-ray, RICE, NSAIDs, walking boot, possible surgery (poor healing area).

Question 27

What foot shape increases risk for a Jones fracture?

Answer 27

Pes cavus (high arch).

Question 28

MOI for a midfoot dislocation?

Answer 28

Falling on toes or severe twisting of foot.

Question 29

S/S of midfoot dislocation?

Answer 29

Severe pain, swelling, obvious deformity, ↓ function.

Question 30

Treatment for midfoot dislocation?

Answer 30

Immobilize, refer, possible open/closed reduction, boot/cast, rehab.

Question 31

What is pes planus?

Answer 31

Flat feet or fallen arches.

Question 32

Causes of pes planus or arch strain?

Answer 32

Congenital, poor shoes, obesity, overuse, trauma.

Question 33

S/S of pes planus/arch strain?

Answer 33

Pain, deformity, ↓ function, tenderness, medial callus buildup.

Question 34

Treatment for pes planus/arch strain?

Answer 34

Taping, orthotics, stretching, strengthening, ice, massage, NSAIDs.

Question 35

Long-term issues from pes planus?

Answer 35

Can lead to knee, hip, or back pain.

Question 36

MOI for plantar fasciitis?

Answer 36

Irritation or inflammation of plantar fascia, often from tight calves or overuse.

Question 37

S/S of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 37

Sharp heel/arch pain with first steps in the morning, tightness with toe dorsiflexion, tenderness along fascia.

Question 38

Treatment for plantar fasciitis?

Answer 38

Ice massage, stretching, night splints, massage, ultrasound, taping, injections, or surgery.

Question 39

Prevention of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 39

Proper flexibility, supportive shoes, avoid prolonged standing on hard surfaces.

Question 40

Common population for plantar fasciitis?

Answer 40

Runners and people who stand a lot without movement.