bio > circulatory system > Flashcards

circulatory system Flashcards

(76 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

what does the circulatory system do?

A
  • transport oxygen, nutrients, and other substances
  • removes waste material from tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of circulatory systems

A

1) open
2) closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

features of open circulatory system

A
  • no true heart or capillaries
  • blood vessels pump blood into body cavity
  • blood vessels join directly with open sinuses
  • blood flow is slow
  • no transport of gas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

features of a closed respiratory system

A
  • capillary system is present
  • blood pumped through vessels by heart
  • includes arteries and veins
  • blood flow is rapid
  • gas is transported
  • contains 2 parts: pulmonary and systemic circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

advantages of an open circulatory system

A
  • less energy for distribution
  • gives animals greater control over body temo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

disadvantages of an open circulatory system

A
  • low metabolism rate
  • not a lot of variability to oxygen uptake (changes are low)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

advantages of a closed circulatory system

A
  • more efficient
  • increases capacity to distribute oxygen to muscle tissues
  • efficient distribution of antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disadvantages of a closed circulatory system

A
  • more energy
  • more complex
  • bigger animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the heart located

A

in the thoracic cavity in mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

size of the heart

A

a closed fist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

speed of heart pump

A
  • 72 beats/minutes
  • 70 ml/beat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the walls of heart made of

A

cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many chambers does the heart of a mammal have

A

4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many valves do the heart have

A

4 valves:
- atrioventricular: triscupid and bicuspid
- semilunar: aortic and pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

importance of valves in the heart

A

prevent blood from flowing back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tricuspid valve

A

prevents blood from flowing back to the right atrium when right ventricle contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bicuspid valve

A

prevent blood from flowing back to the left atrium when left ventricle contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aortic valve

A

prevents blood flowing to left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pulmonary valve

A

prevents blood from flowing back to right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

types of circulation

A

1) pulmonary
2) systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

right side pumps oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sytemic circulation

A

pumps oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how many sounds are there in 1 cardiac cycle

A

1) lubb
2) dubb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lubb sound

A

ventricles connect, tricuspid and bicuspid valves snap shut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
dubb sound
when atria contract, pulmonary and aortic valves snap shut
26
group of structures that sends electrical impulses through the heart
1) sinoatrial node (sa node) 2) atrioventicular node (av node) 3) bundle of his (atrioventicular bundle) 4) purkinje fibers
27
sa node
- wall of right atrium - natural pacemaker (generates continuous electrical impulses and controls rhythm and rate) - sends impulse to av node
28
av node
- atria contract - sends impulses to bundle of his
29
bundle of his
- divided into left and right branches - sends impulses to purkinje fibers
30
purkinje fibers
- terminal branches of bundle of his - lateral walls of ventricles - ventricles contract
31
what is the heart strings called
chordae tendinae
32
blood vessels
1) artery 2) vein 3) capillary
33
features of arteries
- thick, elastic walls (blood flows at high pressure and pulsing) --> expand - contain smooth muscle (contract and make lumen smaller) --> control blood flow - caries blood away from the heart
34
arteries branches
1) arterioles: small branches of arteries 2) aorta: - takes blood from heart to body 3) coronary arteries: supply blood to heart muscle
35
elastic arteries
- closest to the heart - experiences high pressure
36
muscular arteries
transport blood to organs
37
tunica media in elastic and muscular arteries
elastic: elastin muscular: smooth muscle
38
features of the veins
- carry low- pressure blood to heart - thinner walls - lumen larger than arteries (reduces friction) --> enhance blood movement - contains valves
39
branches of veins
1) venules: small vessels formed when capillaries merge 2) coronary veins: remove cellular waste 3) superior and inferior vena cava: - largest veins - carries blood to right atrium
40
capillaries
- branches of arteriole - connect arterioles to venules - smallest blood vessel (1 cell layer thick) - gas exchange - lumen is small --> facilitate better gas exchange
41
3 layers of ateries and veins
1) (outer) tunica externa: contains elastic fibers and collagen 2) (middle) tunica media: smooth muscles, collagen, and elastic fibers 3) (inner endothelium) tunica intima: layer of flat cells like puzzle (smooth) --> minimize friction
42
structure of artery
1) outer layer 2) middle layer 3) endothelium
43
structure of capillary
1) endothelium
44
structure of vein
1) outer layer 2) middle later 3) endothelium 4) valves
45
2 types of pressure
1) systolic 2) diastolic
46
sistolic pressure
maximum blood pressure during contraction of ventricles (highest arteries)
47
diastolic pressure
minimum pressure recorded when ventricles are relaxed (lowest arteries)
48
normal blood pressure
systolic: <120 diastolic: <80
49
types of blood cells
1) red blood cells 2) white blood cells 3) platelets 4) plasma
50
amount of blood for an average-sized adult
4-6 litres
51
plasma
- mostly water with substances dissolved in it and waste products
52
proteins in plasma
1) albumins: pull water to maintain blood pressure 2) globulins: antibodies 3) fibrinogen: blood clotting
53
smallest plasma protein
albumin
54
nutrients in plasma
- amino acid - glucose - nucleotides - lipids from digestive tract
55
tissue fluid
spaces between the cells that are filled with leaked plasma
56
components of red blood cells
1) erythrocytes 2) oxyhemoglobin 3) deoxyhemoglobin 4) carboxyhemoglobin
57
erythrocytes
- transports oxygen throughout the body - biconcave-shaped - produced in bone marrow
58
oxyhemoglobin
carries oxygen
59
deoxyhemoglobin
no oxygen, darker red
60
carboxyhemoglobin
carries CO2
61
what is hemoglobin classified as
a globular protein
62
hemoglobin as a globular protein
- 1 heme group: fe2+ ion - 1 iron ion --> 2 oxygen molecules - 1 hb molecule --> 8oxygen atoms
63
product of hemoglobin and hydrogen ions
hemoglobinic acid
64
what does blood act like?
buffer solution
65
buffer solution
- high conc of hydrogen ions --> low ph - removal of hydrogen ions to maintain ph to neutral
66
components of white blood cells
1) granulocytes 2) agranulocytes
67
granulocytes
- 55% neutrophil - 3% eosinophils - 1% basophils
68
agranulocytes
- 8% monocytes - 33% lymphocytes
69
neutrophil
controls inflammation, destroys bacteria, viruses, and toxins in bloodstream
70
monocytes
destroy bacteria, viruses, and toxins
71
plateletes
- thrombocytes - blood cotting process - hemostasis (control of bleeding)
72
hemostasis
to stop bleeding
73
purpose of chloride shift
maintain electrical balance between plasma and red blood cell
74
chloride shift
movement of chloride ions to red blood cells
75
enzyme that catalyzes co2 and h20
carbonic anhydrase
76
Processes of hemostasis
1) blood vessel spasm 2) platelet plug formation 3) blood coagulation
bio
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions