CLFM 🤨 Flashcards

(58 cards)

1
Q

about the types of values and morals that a person or a community finds
acceptable or necessary. I

concerned with the morality and actions of
individuals.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

leadership motivated by respect for ethical beliefs and values and
other people’s integrity and rights (Watts,2008). It is therefore related to values such as honesty,
sincerity, care, beauty and fairness (Brown,M.et al,2005)

A

Ethical leadership

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3
Q

Consider the morals you were raised with:
• “Treat others how you want to be treated”
• “Always say “thank you,”
• “Help those who are struggling,” etc.
But as you evolve, and as society progresses, traditions alter, often causing
changing values. Ask yourself what matters to you as a person, and then align that
with your leadership goals.

A

Define and Align Your Values

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4
Q

An ethical leader’s job is to focus on the overall significance of ethics,
including ethical standards and other ethical issues and how those factors thatinfluence society. As an ethical leader,educating peers about ethics is crucial,
particularty in cases where they face an ethical issue at work.

A

Champion the Importance of Ethics

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5
Q

Although your views need not be identical to those of your workers, you
should be able to establish common ground with them.This often starts with the
hiring process and is sustained through a declaration of vision.

A

Hire People with Similar Values

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6
Q

Each subordinate is different although they share similarities. Be open with
every decision you make and seek input from your team. It makes you become a
better leader and helps you feel more comfortable in expressing your thoughts or
concerns with your subordinates. Collecting input from your team will help you
improve as a leader and will push the organization forward.

A

Promote Open Communication

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7
Q

As people, many of us have antiquated or mistaken convictions,
subconscious or otherwise. Every leader wants to admit to their shortcomings but
failure to practice self-awareness will lead to detrimental effects. Everyone has
prejudice, but you haven’t been called on for the longest time, because you’ve
never really been tested.

A

Beware of Blas

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8
Q

Leading by example is a noble attribute of a leader. The best way to ensure
an ethical organization is to lead by example. It is important to remember as an
ethical leader, that actions always speak louder than words. People are more likely
to judge others, rather than what they say, based on how they behave. Ethical
leaders may begin to earn the respect of their peers by practicing and
demonstrating the use of ethical, truthful and unselfish conduct to subordinates.

A

Lead By Example

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9
Q

In history, there are many leaders, doing a little study of strong, powerful
leaders and trying to identify what they are doing well. Then incorporate it into
their own style of leadership.

A

Find Your Role Models

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10
Q

As the saying goes, “You can’t pour from an empty cup.” The cornerstone
for strong leadership is to have a calm and competent disposition. This can be done
by ensuring that you, as a person, are focused on fulfiling your own needs such as
sleep, nutrition and a true relationship with loved ones.

A

Care for Yourself so you are able to Care for Others

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11
Q

In order to develop good Ethical Leadership, the leader needs to first go in search of his own core
v a l u e s .

A

Values

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12
Q

Here it is about the leader’s ability to implement his actions in such a way that they lead to a
certain goal (vision).

A

Vision

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13
Q

The ethical leader must have a voice, in order to formulate the vision for others and to make it
clear in a way that motivates them to act.

A

Voice

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14
Q

Ethical leaders are role models because of their virtuous behaviour and will strive to do the right things and act appropriately.

A

Virtue

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15
Q

This model helps to align
internal beliefs and values with external behaviour and actions for the common
good. The letters represent Values, Vision, Voice and Virtue. These are features that
help to create a strong ethical leader. It is important that the ethical leader
understands these core values in all aspects of life and implements them in the
organization.

A

4-V model by grace

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16
Q

derived from the Italian word, Maneggiare, which means to
handle, “from the French words Maneger, to direct a household, i.e.”to economize,” “an
actguiding orleading.”

A

Management

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17
Q

defined as an act of managing people and their work, for achieving a
common goal by using the organization’s resources. It creates an environment under which the
manager and his subordinates can work together for the attainment of group objective.

A

Management

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18
Q

Men, Material, Machines, Methods and Money. It is a result-oriented activity,
which focuses on achieving the desired output. It is a set of principles relating to the functions of
planning, organizing, directing and controlling and the application of these principles in
harnessing physical, financial, human and informational resources efficiently and effectively to
achieve organizational goals.

A

FIVE (5) MAJOR ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY MAVAGEMENT

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19
Q

Van Fleet and Peterson defined management as ‘A set of activities directed at the efficient
and effective utilization of resources in the pursuit of one or more goals’.
• Megginson, Mosley and Pietri define management ‘Working with human, financial and
physical resources to achieve organizational objectives by performing the planning,
organizing, leading and controlling functions’.
• Kreitners definition of management: ‘Management is a problem-solving process of
effectively achieving organizational objectives through the efficient use of scarce
resources in a changing environment’.
• According to F.W.Taylor, ‘Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and
see that itis done in the best and cheapest way’.
• According to Harold Koontz, ‘Management is an art of getting things done through and
with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in
which people can perform and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals.

A

Other definition of management:

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20
Q

began with the sole purpose of attaining an objective. Further, it is
specifically done in order to:
The purpose are:
1. rise clients’ satisfaction with the services the company provides.
2. develop personnel experience, abilities and capacity, or
3. accomplish a particular goal or goal.

A

Management as a Process

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21
Q

often includes interrelated processes by which
management within an entity manages and controls the organization’s resources to achieve
desired outcomes. This requires not only managing and using financial resources alone, but also
human resources, as they are also important to an organization in order to achieve its stated
objectives.

A

Management as a mechanism

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22
Q

It simply means that management is a phase that will never stop, because the company remains.
Managers would always force themselves to tackle tasks,goals, and problems at a certain point
in time.

A

Management: The Never Ending Process

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23
Q

practice of recording personnel’s day-to-day
accomplishments in an order in which they are done. It is a key to an organization’s success, as it
helps to monitor the organization’s course and maximize its work efficiency.

A

Task management

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24
Q

includes learning the procedures and values
required to perform official administrative duties,as well as demonstrating the code of conduct
that managers must obey when performing their duties. Management is also being taught,as
with other research or discipline courses,at numerous institutes and universities around the
world.
I

A

Management as a Discipline

25
Art is learned and applied. The learning process comes before the application. There is a vast number of resources to learn and develop industry knowledge on art which includes study materials and books available to help artists acquire a better understanding and deliver quality output.
Use of Theoretical Knowledge
26
The knowledge gained must be applied efficiently to yield results. And as a result, every artist is expected to possess personal skills and creativity so he or she can put the knowledge gained to good use. Even when two or more artists learn the same thing, their creativity and skills will determine how well they will end up using the knowledge gained. As with art, two or more managers can learn the same thing, but the result produced might be different because of their skill and creativity.
Personalized Application
27
Every artist needs constant practice to reach perfection. Without regular training, the artist in question will also not improve. After learning their theoretical aspect, the artist can work on the practicals to attain perfection. Applied with creativity, the manager can identify areas he or she needs to develop and work on accordingly. So, training is essential in art and management. Hence management is an art because they both have the same feature
Practice and Creativity
28
b e s e e n a s a p r o b l e m- s o l v i n g p r o c e s s t h a t g e n e r a t e s a s o l u t i o n t h a t i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e i d e a l ,o r a t l e a s t a c c e p t a b l e . C o n s e q u e n t l y , i t i same c h a n i s m t h a t c a nb emo r eo r l e s sl o g i c a l o r i r r a t i o n a l a n d b a s e d o n o v e r to ri mp l i c i tk n o w l e d g e a n d b e l i e f s . I n d y n a mi c d e c i s i o n ma k i n g p r o c e s s e s i mp l i c i t i n f o r ma t i o ni s o f t e nu s e dt of i l l h o l e s ( B r o c k ma n n , 2 0 1
Decision making
29
To make a decision, you must first identify the problem you need to solve or the question you need to answer. Clearly define your decision. If you misidentify the problem to solve, or if the problem you've chosen is too broad, you'll knock the decision train off the track before it even leaves the station. If you need to achieve a specific goal from your decision, make it measurable and timely.
Identify the Decision/Problem
30
Once you have identified your decision, it's time to gather the information relevant to that choice. Do an internal assessment, seeing where your organization has succeeded and failed in areas related to your decision. Also, seek information from external sources, including studies, market research, and in some cases, evaluation from paid consultants.
Gather Relevant Information
31
With relevant information now at your fingertips, identify possible solutions to your problem. There is usually more than one option to consider when trying to meet a goal. For example, if your company is trying to gain more engagement on social media,
Identify the Alternatives
32
Once you have identified multiple alternatives, weigh the evidence for or against said alternatives. See what companies have done in the past to succeed in these areas, and take a good look at your organization's own wins and losses. Identify potential pitfalls for each of your alternatives and weigh those against the possible rewards.
Weigh the Evidence
33
lere is the part of the decision-making process where you actually make the decision topefully, you've identified and clarified what decision needs to be made, gathered al relevant information and developed and considered the potential paths to take. You should be prepared to choose.
Choose among Alternatives
34
ince you've made your decision, act on it! Develop a plan to make your decisio angible and achievable. Develop a project plan related to your decision, and the assign tasks to your team.
Take action
35
After a predetermined amount of time-which you defined in step one of the decision making process-take an honest look back at your decision. Did you solve the problem? Did you answer the question? Did you meet your goals?
Review your decision
36
Objectives have to be set first • Requirements must be graded and placed in order of importance. • We need to build alternate acts. • The alternatives must be measured against all targets. • Tentative decision is the option which can accomplish all the objectives. • The tentative decision is evaluated for more possible consequences. • The preliminary decision is reviewed for more potential implications. • Decisive action is taken and further action is taken to avoid any negative effects from being issues and to continue all processes all over again. • There are usually followed steps leading to a decision model that could be used to assess an optimal production schedule.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DECISION-MAKING (Monahan,2000)
37
THE NINE (9) CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD DECISION
1. Decision positively impact others. 2. Decisions are replicable 3. Decisions foster opportunity. 4. Decisions include others 5. Decisions are executable 6. A good decision is systematic 7. Good decisions are accountable. 8. Good decisions are pragmatic. 9. Good decisions involve self-awareness.
38
refers to decisions that are repetitive ature and follow a specific set of procedures. These decisions are typically made lower-level managers and are implemented on a daily basis. Examples of programmed decisions include setting work schedules, granting employee leave, and ordering routine supplies.
Programmed and Non-Programmed Decision-Making
39
relates to decisions that are not routine and arise from unstructured problems. These decisions are usually made by upper- level management and have a long-term impact on the organization.
Non programmed
40
relates to decisions that are not routine and arise from unstructured problems. These decisions are usually made by upper- level management and have a long-term impact on the organization.
Non programmed
41
refers to the process of making decisions that are made regularly and involve choosing between a few options that the decision- maker is familiar with.Examples of routine decision-making includes setting work schedules, ordering supplies, and approving routine expenses. Managers make routine decisions in the daily functioning of the organization, and they often delegate these decisions to their subordinates.
Routine decision-making
42
refers to the process of making simple decisions that do not require much evaluation or analysis.Examples of basic decision-making include setting work schedules,ordering supplies, and approving routine expenses. Managers make basic decisions in the daily functioning of the organization, and they often delegate these decisions to their subordinates.
Basic decision-making
43
refers to the process of making decisions that help implement the plans and policies established by higher-level management. These decisions are more short-term in nature and are usually made by middle and lower-level managers. Examples of tactical decisions include scheduling production, managing inventory, and resolving customer service issues.
Tactical decision-making
44
refers to decisions that have a significant impact on the long-term success of the organization. These decisions are usually made by upper and middle-level management and require careful analysis and evaluation. Examples of strategic decisions include entering a new market, developing new products or services, and investing in new technology.
Strategic decision-making
45
made on behalf of the organization and is related to the organization's operations, policies,or strategic plans. These decisions can be delegated to subordinates and usually have a significant impact on the organization's success.Examples of organizational decisions include setting production targets, choosing suppliers, or investing in newtechnology.
Organizational decision-making
46
decision made by a manager that is not related to the organization in any way.These decisions are related to the manager's personal life within the organization and cannot be delegated to subordinates. Examples of personal decisions include what to eat for lunch, what mode of transportation to use for commuting, or what hobby to pursue outside of work.
Personal decision-making
47
(also known as collaborative decision-making or collective decision-making) is a situation faced when individuals collectively make a choice from the alternatives before them. The decision is then no longer attributable to any single individual who is a member of the group.
Group decision meeting techniques
48
the process of relying on one person's knowledge, intuition, and judgment to make a choice or judgment. This process can have several advantages, such as saving time and resources and allowing flexibility and autonomy.
Individual decision-making techniques
49
> Exemplified by systematic decision-making. > Defines upfront success factors > Looks for details and objectively explores how each solution meets each success factor. > Decision-making is organized and decisions can be taken under the assumption of the desired solutions except for major unforeseeable or unpredictable incidents. > Consideration of the implications of the final decision.
Rational and analytical approach
50
> Relying on emotions and feelings. > Careful planning is not possible or not desired. • People will point to a "'gut feeling"or "hunch" as the cause for a choice relecting that explanation is not accessible through conscious thought
INTUITIVE DECISION MAKING APPROACH
51
> In this approach a decision is made on impulse, without thought. > Flipping a coin or using a "decision wheel" would be representative of employing this approach. > It is sometimes considered a dependent style because this approach can promote denial of responsibility.
RANDOM OR CHANCE APPROACH
52
a. Have ready a decision-making process that you know works. This helps you to jump directly through a decision-making phase without having to postpone deciding the steps you will be taking. b. Gain knowledge of pitfalls and prejudices in decision taking so they can be avoided when making a decision.
Rational or Analytic Decision Makers
53
a. Ask or accept broad questions well in advance of a decision. It helps the unconscious mind to work behind the scenes to provide ideas and suggestions for a decision. b. Know where and where your intuition is working, and not. Intuition works best ir places we have a great deal of expertise in. C. Increasing reflection. This makes insight more credible, as experiences are interpreted and applied with thought to the subconscious that helps to categorize the experience more accurately. d. Play games which involve decision-making. Games that simulate life choices provide a low- risk environment where patterns can be formed to improve intuition.
Intuitive Decision Maker
54
a. Improve awareness and appreciation. Recognizing positive results as they arise increases the probability of successful outcomes. b. Apply know-how. It will increase the basis for understanding good opportunities
Random or Chance Decision Maker
55
FIVE DECISION-MAKING Steps: 1. Goals clarification: Survey values and objectives. 2. Options generation: Consider a wide range of alternative actions. 3. Facts-finding: Search for information. 4. Consideration of Effects: Weigh the positive and negative consequences of the options. 5. Review and implementation: Plan how to review the options and implement them.
1. GOFER (Mann, L., 1980)
56
1. Define the problem 2. Establish or Enumerate all the criteria (constraints) 3. Consider or Collect all the alternatives 4. Identify the best alternative 5. Develop and implement a plan of action 6. Evaluate and monitor the solution and examine feedback when necessary
DECIDE (Guo,K,2008)
57
Usually a Policy decision-maker sorts out the pros and cons of a situation based on what they already know. Decision-makers in the directive are very rational and have little tolerance for uncertainty. Instead of going to others for more detail, their decisions are rooted in their own intelligence, experience and reasoning The upside to this style is that decision-making is fast, ownership is transparent, and no extra communication is needed. Often, however, directive decisions can be taken impulsively, without all the necessary details.
DIRECTIVE DECISION-MAKING
58
Before taking action, strategic decision-makers analyze a lot of details. Analytic leaders, for example, rely on direct observation, data, and facts to back their decisions. Like decision-makers in the guideline, however, an analytic decision maker may seek information and advice from others to affirm or refute their own expertise These decision-makers have a high degree of uncertainty tolerance and are extremely adaptable but they prefer to monitor certain aspects of the decision process. This style is a well-rounded decision-rmaking strategy that can be time-consuming.
ANALYTIC DECISION-MAKING