Cold War: Part 3

Question 1

Conflict in Afghanistan

Answer 1

• 1978 = a Marxist party had taken over power in Afghanistan
• Marxist leaders took steps to: implement radical land reforms - liberate women
• problem = this upset conservative Muslims within the country and led to a large opposition movement
• soviet union = intervened with its military
• afraid that this new communist regime in Afghanistan would be overthrown and replaced by Islamic radicals
• Soviet union got caught up in war they could not win that lasted from 1978 until 1989
• Russia’s Vietnam

Question 2

US

Answer 2

• U.S. sent aid to the Afghan guerrillas to help them oust Soviet forces and end the communist regime in Afghanistan
• “Operation Cyclone” = code name for the CIA program to arm, train, and finance Afghan insurgents during their war against the Soviets
• soviets withdrew in 1989
• afghan communist regime soon collapsed

Question 3

Cuban missile crisis

Answer 3

• 60s
• 1959 = Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba
• revolutionary nationalist
• liked Marxist ideas and led him to establish a communist regime in Cuba in 1960
• Soviet Union = pumped! 1st time a country had set up a communist government without the Red Army
• nationalized American assets in Cuba = brought them under ownership of the Cuban government
• provoked a lot of US hostility
• US stopped all aid to Cuba and all imports of Cuban sugar

Question 4

April 1961

Answer 4

• the Bay of Pigs invasion
• CIA funded, trained, armed, and transported 1300 Cuban exiles to invade Cuba
• landed at the Bay of Pigs
• invasion = a disaster; President Kennedy was humiliated
• major result = Castro asked the Soviet Union to provide him with weapons to protect Cuba against America

Question 5

leader of the Soviet Union at this time - Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 5

• feared that American aggression against Cuba would lead to the loss of this new communist ally in the Caribbean
• he secretly deployed nuclear-tipped Soviet missiles to Cuba thought this would stop any further US action against Castro
• Soviet Union quickly and secretly built missile bases in Cuba

Question 6

October 1962 - missiles discovered by the US

Answer 6

• for 13 days = American forces blockaded Cuba and prepared for an invasion
• agreement struck between President Kennedy and Premier Krushchev
• both pushed each other to limits
• both knew nuclear war would be absolutely devastating
• Soviet Union agreed to remove ALL missiles form Cuba
• US promised to not invade Cuba

Question 7

the Soviet Union’s involvement with Afghanistan is often referred to as the _______

Answer 7

• Soviet Union’s vietnam

Question 8

who was the president of the US during the Cuban Missile crisis and the Bay of Pigs invasion

Answer 8

• John F. Kennedy

Question 9

Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union gave _________ to Cuba

Answer 9

• nuclear tipped missiles

Question 10

who was the communist leader that took over Cuba in 1959

Answer 10

• Fidel Castro

Question 11

“operation cyclone” was the code name for the American CIA program that ______ Afghan soldiers

Answer 11

• armed
• trained
• financed