Confidance

Question 1

Self efficiency
Self confidance
Self esteem

DEFINITIONS

Answer 1

• levels of belief in a specific situation ( state ) (skill specific )
• Levels of belief a performer has in their self to master skills ( trade ) ( generalised )
• global persepective - how you view yourself as a person

Question 2

BANDURAS THEORY - self efficiacy

6 components

Answer 2

• performance accomplishments
• vicarious experiences
• verbal persuasion
• emotional arousal
• efficiency expectations
• performance

Question 3

BANDURAS THEORY

how do the 4 components affect self efficiacy

Answer 3

performance accomplishments

• decrease = eg: last time i took a penalty i missed
• increase = eg: last time i took a penalty i scored

Vicarious experiences

• decrease = eg: opponent who is worse then me failed
• increase = eg: opponet who is worse then me succeeded

verbal persuasion

• decrease = eg: goalkeeper saying that im rubbish
• increase = eg: captain saying im the best penalty taker

emotional arousal

• decrease eg: my heart is beating quickly, and i feel very tense
• increase eg: I feel relaxed, physically and mentally

Question 4

VEALEYS MODEL - self condidance

Answer 4

1. sporting situation ( task at hand )
2. state conficance ( level of confidance in specific situaltion )
3. performance ( producing response)
4. outcome

This all affects:

• trait confidance ( natural confidance)
• competitve orientation (drive to win)
• IF OUTCOME IS GOOD
  = increase trait and state confidance

IF OUTCOME IS BAD
= decrease trait and state, decease competitive orientation and future avoidance

Question 5

Methods to increase self confidence

Answer 5

• correct attrbution = blame winning on own skill and loosing on others and luck
• remind of previous = increase confidance if good performance prior

accurate demostration = know how to do it = correct mistakes

Avoid comparisons = focus on yourself

Setting performance goals = increase drive ( don’t focus on outcome goals )

Question 6

Whats an attribution

Answer 6

A reason for performance

Question 7

what may attributions effect

Answer 7

Self efficiacy - ( about teachnique )
motivation - ( tried hard and effort )
task persistance - ( other people )

Question 8

weiners 4 categories of attributions

Answer 8

ability - performance levels
task difficulty - oponnets levels
luck - cannot control
effort - how hard they tried

Question 9

weiners model, whats causality, whats stability

which categories of atributions are in each category

Answer 9

causality = place of the cause = whether it comes form within or something you cannot control

stability = how chnageable the attribution is

ability = internal stable
task difficulty = external stable
effort = internal unstable
luck = external unstable

Question 10

Using correct attributions

what is it

Answer 10

• correct atributions is blaming winning on ability and failure on task difficulty, effort and luck.
• this causes = self serving bias
• protects = self efficiency, motivation, task persistance

Question 11

using incorrect attributions

what is it

Answer 11

• incorrect attributions is balming winning on task difficulty, effort and luck, and blaming failure on ability
• causes = learned helplessness

learnerd helplessness is either general ( sport specific )
or
specific ( technique )

Question 12

Controllability dimension

Why is it better to attribute losses to controllable factors

Answer 12

• have control to change them in future therefore cab do better
• might feel helpless if they can’t control why they loose = may lead to quitting

Question 13

Controllable factors

And

Uncontrollable factors

Answer 13

Control = effort, commitment, decision making,

Uncontrollable = officials, coaches decisions, team mates performance

Question 14

Factors that cause self serving bias

Answer 14

Negative feedback = demotivated

Outcome goals = thinking about results rather then performance and comparing to others

Negative attributions = blaming losses on ability = learned helplessness

Question 15

Strategies to overcome learned helplessness

Answer 15

• pos feedback = become more motivated = self efficacy
• performance goals = focussing on own ability and progress rather then others, able to achieve and increase confidence
• guarantee success = remind of weaker opponents, failure isn’t always inevitable
• imagery = focus if what you need to know and technique = calmer

Question 16

What’s attribution retraining

Answer 16

• changing individuals perception on failure
• will help performer think differently following failure
• change attributions from neg to positive

Question 17

MOTIVATION

whats motivation

Answer 17

the drive / desire to learn or perform a skill

Question 18

MOTIVATION

4 types of motivation

Answer 18

• intrinsic = drive that comes within
• extrinsic = drive that comes from an external source
• tangible = physical reward which can be touched
• intangible = non physical reward, cannot be touched

Question 19

MOTIVATION

pros and cons of tangible rewards by parents

Answer 19

cons

• measures sucess on goals wather then effort
• can lead to not playing as a team
• feel failure of didnt get a reward
• damage intrinsic motivation
• could lead to deviance
• instead, give reward for effort rather then outcome

pros

• increase motivation
• increase confidance

Question 20

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

definition and equation

Answer 20

• desire to improve performance and be as sucessful as possible

achievement motivation = desire to suceed - fear of failure

high evels of achievment motivation = always wanting to challenge themselves and improve

Question 21

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

personality approach ( NACH )

Answer 21

• approach behaviour
• need to achieve
• seeks challeneging situation
• confident
• welcomes feedback
• takes responsibilty

Question 22

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

personality approach ( NAF )

Answer 22

• avoidance behaviour
• need to avoid failure
• tasks = too easy or too hard
• gives up easy
• avoids 50-50
• doesnt welcome feedback

Question 23

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

situational component

Answer 23

when probability of sucess is low, incentive value is high, therefore high achievement motivation

Question 24

ACHIEVEMENT GOAL THEORY

two goals and how they effect achievement motivation

Answer 24

performance = increases achievement motivation = doesnt have to worry about others, removing fear of failure

outcome = decreases achivemnt motivation = due to comparisons, increased fear of failure, no control and increased anxiety

Question 25

ACHIEVEMENT GOAL THEORY what leads to developing NAF and how this can be changed to NACH

Answer 25

- negative past experiences, wrong attriburions, low self confidance, negative feedback - performance goals, guarantee sucess, attribute sucess correctly, positive feedback