personality

Question 1

PERSONALITY

two different types

Answer 1

nature - genetically inherited disosition predetermined by patents

nurture - a learned pattern of behaviour aquired through environmental influences

Question 2

PERSONALITY

trait theory

Answer 2

• suggests that we are born with our personality traits
• they are stable and enduring
• therefore they make a performer act in a particular way regardless of the situation
• behaviour is predictable
• therefore useful to predict sucess in sport / Suitability to a spectific sport

Question 3

PERSONALITY

trait theorists

Answer 3

• eynseck = 2 dimensions of personality (how extroverted and how neurotic )
• cattel argued there is more then 2 dimenions needed, he made a questionaire with 16.

Question 4

PERSONALITY

trait theory evaluation

Answer 4

• doesnt concider that personalities can be foremed via experience
• doesnt take into acdount how personality can chnage dependent on the situation

Question 5

PERSONALITY

social learning theory

Answer 5

• rejected the idea that personality is inate
• personality is learned by observation
• reinforced by praise, stopped by punishment
• reinfored by sigificant others

Question 6

PERSONALITY

social learning theory

evaluation

Answer 6

• some people can have certain characteristics without witnessing it

Question 7

PERSONALITY

interactionist theory

Answer 7

• personality is stable most of the time
• chnage of environemnt can alter behaviour especiallly when environment is strong
• behaviour = personality x behaviour

Question 8

PERSONALITY

interactionist theory

hollanders model

Answer 8

• psycological core = centre of personality, perminent and stable
• typical responses = usual reactions, reflection of psycolgical core
• role related = changeable aspec, depends on situation, out of character behaviour

Question 9

PERSONALITY

interactionist theory

how can knowlege by coach help

Answer 9

• undertsand inate behaviour = remove from situation
• identify aspects that need to be changed ( role related )
• can be taught by SM technique = alter behaviour
• create situations to cause a chnage in behaviour

Question 10

PERSONALITY

interactionist theory

evaluation

Answer 10

• individuals may change as a result of interactions with environment
• individualistic approach
• recognises that people dont exhibit certain behaviour but core traits are stable

Question 11

AGGRESSION

definition of agression and assertion

Answer 11

aggression = intensionally, causing harm physically or verbally outside the rules of sport

assertion = forceful, goal directed, within the rules, no intent to harm

Question 12

AGGRESSION

whats the gray area

Answer 12

the gray area inbetween agression and assertion can only be determined by the player themselves.

Question 13

AGGRESSION

instinct theory
evaluation

Answer 13

• doesnt concider environemnt
• people experience increased agression in comp rather then cartharsis
• there is a proved trait of agression ( gene )
• however not everyone is agressive / can be agressive

Question 14

AGGRESSION

instinct theory

Answer 14

• agression formed from genetics to defend ourselves
• after being aggressive = experience cartharsis = calming effect

Question 15

AGGRESSION

fustration - agression theory

Answer 15

• fustration is caused by a drive to achieve a goal which is blocked
• fustration causes aggression = carthartic effect, if not releaced = bulid up
• is aggresssion is releaced sucessfully without punishment = repitition

Question 16

AGGRESSION

fustration aggression theory

evaluation

Answer 16

• doesnt account for aggression when goals arent blocked
• doesnt account for when no fustration or aggression is experienced, even when drive to achieve is blocked

Question 17

AGGRESSION

aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 17

• goal blocked = fustration = increases arousal = ready for aggression
• only occours if learned cues or triggers are present eg: equiptment ( bats ), sport ( rugby ), players ( prior ocnflict )
• if coach reinforces aggression = becomes a cue

Question 18

AGGRESSION

social learning theory

Answer 18

• learned via watching others + copying
• vicarious experiance increased by watching significant others
• if reinforced = increased chance of imitation
• if punished = decreased chance of imitation

Question 19

AGGRESSION

social learning theory

evaluation

Answer 19

• doesnt take into account genetic side
• thinks all traits are learnt, however proven agression gene
• doesnt take into account experiencing aggression without watching it.

Question 20

Aggression = strategies to control
( 7 )

Answer 20

• praise assertive behaviour = want to repeat to recieve further praise
• hilight positive role models = copy non aggresive behaviour
• punish aggressiveness = decrease chance of repitition
• increase importance to team = avoid letting other down
• remove from situation = performer have time to cool off
• reduce improtance = lower arousal and anxiety
• education = performer more motivated to demonstrate assertive behaviour

Question 21

Aggression = strategies to control ( by coach )

Answer 21

• not tolerate = sent off, decrease aggression in future = increased drive to play
• consistant officiating = good calls = less fustration
• word of advice = may convine to be more assertive

Question 22

ATTITUDES
definition

Answer 22

a way of thinking or feeling about something that may influence behaviour

Question 23

ATTITUDES
attitude object

Answer 23

focus of a performers attitude eg: sports, position or coach

Question 24

ATTITUDES
posituve attitude means

Answer 24

more motivation
more concentration
more confidance
higher TP

Question 25

ATTITUDES Triadic model

Answer 25

cognative component = beliefs and thoughts affective component = emotions and feelings behavioural component = response or intended response

Question 26

ATTITUDES can attitudes predict behaviour

Answer 26

- if unbalanced ( ABC ) = unable to predeict - no = could be forced, lack of money and accessibility

Question 27

ATTITUDES factors affecting attitude formation

Answer 27

- past experiences - socialisation (primary, secondary and gender) - significant others - media and stereotypes - familiarity - observation - conditioning

Question 28

How to alter attitude Persuasive communication What is it 4 factors

Answer 28

Involves changing a persons attitude through verbally trying to convince them to have a different attitude - Status or the messenger ( expert, significant other, high status) ( who should deliver ) - quality of the message ( easy to understand, clear, presented confidently) ( what should be included ) - strength of attitude ( age, level of education) ( factors which lead to this ) - situation for the message to be delivered ( one to one ) ( where should it be given )

Question 29

What can alter attitude cognative dissonance

Answer 29

- It’s a discomfort = clashing in thoughts - therefore motivated to change mind and therefore want to achieve Cognative consonance ( balance ) Cognative ( provide opposite to the performers beliefs ) Affective ( give new feelings/positive experience = increase positive feelings Behavioural ( setting realistic goals ) = positive feedback to continue participation.