Physiology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

Connective tissue

A

Support & connect the different types of tissues & organs in the body

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2
Q

Feature of connective tissue

A

1)Fewer cells with abundant extracellular matrix
2)High vascularized
3)High Innervation (except cartilage)

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3
Q

All connective tissue are innervated.True Or False?

A

False
Cartilage are not innervated & not vascularized

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4
Q

Key cells of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

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5
Q

Components of connective tissue

A

Cell+matrix+fibers

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6
Q

Fibroblast secrete ______.

A

Collagen

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7
Q

Other cells of connective tissue

A

macrophages,plasma cells,mast cells

*all cells are originated from hematopietic stem cells in bone marrow

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8
Q

FIbroblasts are originated from ______ and are permanant resident of connective tissue.

A

Mesenchymal cells

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9
Q

Function of macrophages,mast cells,plasma cells & adipocytes

A

Macrophages-Phagocytosis
Mast cells-Release histamine (inflammation)
Plasma cell-Antibodies
Adipocytes-Store fat

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10
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Fibers embedded in solid,liquid or jelly like ground substance

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11
Q

Component of ground substance & its function

A

Gel-like matrix (Proteoglycans & glycoproteins)

Func:Support & bind cells

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12
Q

Type of fibers in ECM

A

1)Collagen fiber
2)Elastic fiber
3)Reticular fiber

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13
Q

Collagen fiber & its func

A

Strong,flexible
Resist streching,provide strength & flexibility

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14
Q

Elastic fiber & its func

A

Stretch & recoil
eg.lungs & skin

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15
Q

Reticular fiber & its func

A

Delicate networks (eg.lymph nodes)
Join connective tissue to adj tissue

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16
Q

Classification of connective tissue

A

1)Connective tissue proper
2)Embryonic connective tissue
3)Specilized connective tissue

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17
Q

Type of connective tissue proper

A

1)Loose areolar connective tissue
2)Dense connective tissue

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18
Q

Loose areolar connective tissue func & loc

A

Contains all 3 types of fibers

Func:Bind epithelia to underlying tissues and hold organs in place
Loc:Found in the skin and throughout the body (Most abindant connective tissue)

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19
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Mainly contain collagen fibers

a.Dense regular
b.Dense irregular

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20
Q

Dense regular connective tissue & its location

A

Parallel collagen fibers (collagen fibers are arranged)

Loc:tendons,ligaments,fascia,cornea

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21
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue & its location

A

Collagen are randomly arranged

Loc:Dermis,submucosa of GI tract,organ capsule

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22
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muslce & bone

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23
Q

Ligament

A

Connects bone & bone

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24
Q

Most abundant connective tissue

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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25
Types of embryonic connective tissue
1)Mesenchymal connective tissue 2)Mucoid connective tissue
26
Types of specilized connective tissue
1.Adipose tissue 2.Bone 3.Blood 4.Cartilage
27
Main cell of adipose tissue
Adipocytes
28
Adipose tissue is also known as
Specilized loose areolar tissue
29
Function of adipose tissue
a.Stores fat b.Acts as cushion & insulates the body
30
Adipose cell contains ________.
Large fat droplets Swells when fat is stored & shrinks when body uses that stored fat
31
Main cells of bone
Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast
32
Bone is _______.
Mineralized connetive tissue (Connective tissue with solid matrix) *Ca,Mg,PO4, combine into hard mineral within the matrix
33
Bone forming cell
Osteoblasts Osteoblast also deposits a matrix of collagen
34
Bone resolvtion cell
Osteoclasts Destroy bone cells
35
Functional unit of hard bone is called
Osteon
36
Structure of osteon
Each osteon has concentric layers of mineralized matrix,which are deposited around a central canal containing vessels & nerves.
37
Central canal contain
Blood vessels & nerves
38
Blood
Specilized connective tissue with liquid matrix called plasma
39
Matrix of blood is
Plasma
40
Cells of blood
RBC WBC Platlets
41
Plasma contains ______.
Water,salt and dissolved proteins
42
Cartilage
Supporting connective tissue with ECM containing high concentration of GAG & proteoglycans with collagens & elastic fibers
43
Matrix of cartilages
High conc of chondroitin sulfate(GAG) and proteoglycans with collagen & elastic fibers
44
Main cells of cartilage
Chondrocytes *Chondrocytes secrete GAG & collagen
45
Cartilage are innvervated & vascularized.True or False?
False They have no vessels & nervers.
46
Blood are avasularized and noninnervated.True or False?
They are vascularized but no nerves.
47
Chondrocytes are located inside _____.
Lacuna
48
Type of cartilage
1)Hyaline cartilage 2)Elastic cartilage 3)Fibrocartilage
49
Fibers of hyaline cartilage
Collagen Type II
50
All hyaline cartilage are covered by a layer of _______.
Dense connective tissue except in articular cartilage of joints
51
Location of hyaline cartilage
Most cartilage of Upper respiratory tract,articular surfacs of bone,nose,trachea,thyroid cartilage,costal cartilage,fetal skeleton,epiphyseal plate of long bones
52
Main fiber of elastic fiber & its function
Elastic fiber & Type II collagen fibers Func:Maintains shape while allowing flexibility
53
Location of elastic cartilage
External ear (auricle) Epiglottis Eustachian (auditory) tube in inner ear
54
Fibrocartilage & function
Toughest cartilage Func:resists compression & tension Acts as shock absorber
55
Fibers of fibrocartilage
Dense Type I collagen + some type II collagen
56
Location of fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis Menisci of the knee Articular disc of TMJ (temporomandibular joint)
57
Features of connective tissue
-contains cells + ground substance matrix + fibers -derived from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue) -vascular(except cartilage) -Good nerve supply(except cartilage) -cells can be distinguished by extracellular matrix
58
Function of connective tissue
1)Connect body parts 2)Binding 3)Support 4)Protection 5)Insulation 6)Storage 7)Transportation
59
Component of matrix
Intestial fluid + proteins + Protieoglycans
60
Types of fibers in connective tissue
1)Collagen fibers-Tough 2)Elastic fibers-Stretch 3)Reticular fibers-Branching collagen that form networks
61
Different cells types in connective tissue
Resident cells (that are fixed in tissue) Transient cells( cells that can move between connective tissue and blood vessels)
62
Cells that made up connective tissues proper(loose and dense) Both mature and immature
Mature cells-Fibrocyte Immature cells-Fibroblasts
63
Cells that made up Cartilage Both mature and immature
Mature cells-Chondrocytes Immature cells-Chondroblasts
64
Cells that made up Bone Both mature and immature
Mature cells-Osteocytes Immature cells-Osteoblasts
65
Cells that made up blood Both mature and immature
Mature cells and immature cells- Hemetopioetic stem cells
66
Cells that made up fat Both mature and immature
Mature cells-Adipocyte Immature cells-Adipoblasts
67
Cell division of connective tissue
Cells produce matrix and fibers during mitotic state Eg.Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers and elastic fibers
68
Connective tissue types
1)Connective tissue proper—->Loose and Dense 2)Supporting connective tissue—->Bone and Cartilage 3)Liquid Connective tissue——>Blood and lymph
69
Types of Loose Connective tissue (Most abundant)
1)Areolar connective tissue 2)Adipose connective tissue 3)Reticular connective tissue
70
Types of Dense connective tissue
1)Regular connective tissue 2)Irregular connective tissue 3)Elastic connective tissue
71
Types of cartilage
1)Hyaline cartilage-most abundant 2)Elastic cartilage 3)Fibrocartilage-strongest
72
Areolar connective tissue and their function
-contains all 3 fibers but thin collagen fibers(loose meshဖြစ်နေ) -few fibroblasts and most cells are transient types function-wraps and cushion organs, binds to epithelia Beneath epithelia Site of inflammation and immune reaction
73
Adipose connective tissue and their function
-contains all 3 fibers but more sparse(ကျဲ) function-stores fat(triglycerides), insulation, energy,padding
74
Reticular connective tissue and their function
-contains mainly reticular fibers function-forms soft internal skeletal of lymph node,spleen and bone marrow
75
Difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue
Cells(Fibroblast) and fibers are loosely arranged in loose connective tissue In dense connective tissue,fibroblasts and fibers are tightly packed with less ground substance
76
Regular connective tissue and their function
-mainly collagen fibers that are arranged in uniform alignment Function-Tendon(connects muscle to bone) Ligaments (connects bone to bone) Aponeuroses(connects muscles directly to flat bone)
77
Irregular connective tissue and their function
-mainly collagen fibers that are arranged in non uniform alignment Dermis Organ capsule
78
Elastic connective tissue and their function
-Uniformly arranged elastic fibers Submucosa(GI)
79
Features of Cartilage
-withstand tension and compression -lacks never and blood supply
80
Hyaline cartilage and their function
-cells(chondrocyte) in lacunae -rubbery matrix Costal cartilage articular cartilage respiratory cartilage
81
Elastic cartilage and their function
-cells(chondrocyte) in lacunae -rubbery matrix but with more elastic fibers function-flexible support Outer ear(pinna) Epiglottis
82
Fibrocartilage and their function
-cells(chondrocyte) in lacunae -rubbery matrix but with more collagen fibers function-shock absorber Intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis Discs in knees Articular discs
83
Bone and their function
-hard,calcified matrix with collagen fibers -cells(osteocytes) in lacunae -vascular and innervated function-support, protection, works with muscle for movements -Storage of material (Ca, PO) -Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
84
Blood and their function Blood-even though they don’t have structural support but they also derived from mesenchyme cells
-RBC and WBC in liquid matrix called plasma function-CVS and immune system RBC—->carry O2 WBC——>Defense Platelet——>Clotting
85
What are included in connective tissue?
Matrix and 3 types of fibers. Matrix- contain organic and inorganic substances Density of the tissue depends on the density of the matrix
86
What are three types of fibers in CT and their funcs
Collagen fibers- strength Reticular fibers- short collagen fibers- hold the organs in place Elastic fibers- flexibility and strength
87
How many types of connective tissue ?
6 types Dense fibrous CT Loose areolar CT Cartilage Bones Blood Adipose
88
Fibers included in loose areolar CT and their func
Three types of collagen, reticular and elastic fibers are present in loose areolar CT. Tough, flexible , comprises membranes and found throughout the body. 1. Blood vessels linings and around most organs 2. Therefore contain macrophages and lymphocytes Ana neutrophils '
89
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Collagen fibers present Therefore, strong ———> cartilages and tendons (regularly shaped) Also present in dermis of the skin -irregular shapes Regular——> parallel aligned Irregular- not parallel
90
Cartilage connective tissue contains what type of fibres
Two types of cartilages- 1. Hyaline cartilage 2. Fibro cartilage Hyaline cartilage - contain few elastic + collagen fiber Fibro cartilage - contain collagen fibers only
91
Where is hyaline and fibro cartilage located
Hyaline- long bone endings, shark’s skeleton , pre- developmental bone, ears, trachea, bronchus, loci Fibro- long bones , intervertebral discs, collagen fibers offer tremendous amount of strength People older, hyaline cartilage replaced by fibro cartilage , stiffness of the joints
92
What are cartilage cells called and their location
Cartilage cells- chondrocytes Reside in the lacunae of the matrix Matrix is made of chondroitin sulfate and produce collagens. Cartilages are strong yet flexible
93
What are the components of connective tissue?
Matrix, living cells, ground substance.
94
What is the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
Produce collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.
95
What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?
Engulf foreign particles by phagocytosis.
96
What are the three types of protein fibers in connective tissue?
Collagenous fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers.
97
What is the structure of loose connective tissue?
Contains fibroblasts, macrophages, collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.
98
What is the function of loose connective tissue?
Holds vessels and organs in place, binds epithelia to underlying tissues.
99
Where is loose connective tissue found?
Around blood vessels and most body organs.
100
What is the structure of fibrous connective tissue?
Contains fibroblasts and mainly collagen fibers.
101
What is the function of fibrous connective tissue?
Connects muscles to bones and bones to bones.
102
Where is fibrous connective tissue found?
Tendons, ligaments, dermis of the skin.
103
What is the primary cell in cartilage?
Chondrocytes.
104
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage, Fibrocartilage.
105
What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
Reduces friction, cushions bones.
106
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Nose, ends of long bones, moveable joints.
107
What is the function of elastic cartilage?
Provides flexibility.
108
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Ears.
109
What is the function of fibrocartilage?
Provides strength.
110
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Intervertebral discs.
111
What are the three types of bone cells?
Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts.
112
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Produce bone material for growth and remodeling.
113
What is the function of osteocytes?
Maintain bone tissue, found in lacunae.
114
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Break down bone for remodeling and calcium release.
115
What are the two types of bone?
Compact bone, Spongy bone.
116
What is the matrix of blood called?
Plasma.
117
What are the three main cell types in blood?
Red blood cells (RBC), White blood cells (WBC), Platelets.
118
What is the function of RBCs?
Carry oxygen to tissues.
119
What is the function of WBCs?
Immune response, fighting infections.
120
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting.
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