Crop Lab Midterm

Question 1

grasses that produce edible grains
store energy in their seeds as starch
corn, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum

Answer 1

Cereal crops

Question 2

harvested portions or grasses, legumes, and other crops
corn, soybeans, flax, buckwheat

Answer 2

Grain crops

Question 3

legumes grown for their edible high protein seeds
soybeans, field peas, peanuts, chickpeas

Answer 3

Pulses

Question 4

crops grown for their fibers
used for clothing, rope, paper, and baskets
cotton, flax, hemp

Answer 4

Fiber crops

Question 4

crops whose vegetative parts are used for feed
alfalfa, clover, smooth bromegrass

Answer 4

Forages

Question 5

crops harvested for their underground storage organs that are rich in starch
Irish potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes

Answer 5

Root and tuber crops

Question 6

crops grown to prevent soil erosion
winter rye, hairy vetch

Answer 6

cover crops

Question 7

crops seeded with small-seeded legumes to provide erosion control, suppress weeds
oats, wheat

Answer 7

companion crops

Question 8

legumes or grasses that are incorporated into the soil while vegetative with the purpose of adding nutrients to the soil
sweet clover, alfalfa, hairy vetch, winter rye

Answer 8

Green manure crops

Question 9

crops used for lawns, football and soccer fields
Kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass, bermudagrass

Answer 9

Recreational turf crops

Question 10

complete their life cycle in one (or less than) growing seasons

Answer 10

Annuals

Question 11

Complete life cycle in more than two years

Answer 11

Perennial

Question 12

Complete life cycle in two years

Answer 12

Biennial plant

Question 13

When biennials or perennials are harvested after only one growing season

Answer 13

Pseudo - annuals

Question 14

study of the internal structure of plants

Answer 14

Plant anatomy

Question 15

study of physical forms and external structure of plants
(visual ID of plants)

Answer 15

Plant morphology

Question 16

One seed leaf inside the seed coat
(wheat, corn, rice, millet)

Answer 16

Monocotyledons

Question 17

Two seed leaves inside the seed coat
legumes, peas, beans, peanuts, lentils

Answer 17

Dicotyledon

Question 18

protects and supports the cell
allows water and chemical to pass through

Answer 18

Cell wall

Question 19

outermost layer of cells
exchange of matter between the plant and the environment
aboveground (leaves and stems)-gas exchange
belowground (roots) - water and ion uptake

Answer 19

Epidermis (dermal tissues)

Question 20

conducts water and minerals from the roots to stems and leaves

Answer 20

Xylem

Question 21

transports products produced in the leaves during photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant

Answer 21

Phloem

Question 22

strands of xylem and phloem
surrounded by bundle sheaths

Answer 22

vascular bundles

Question 23

tips or roots and shoots

Answer 23

apical meristems

Question 24

angle where the leaf is attached to the stem

Answer 24

axils

Question 25

Increase stem and root diameter

Answer 25

lateral meristems

Question 26

arise from nodes at the base of the stem below or just above the soil surface

Answer 26

adventitious roots

Question 27

adventitious roots that develop nodes located above the soil surface

Answer 27

prop or brace roots

Question 28

functions of a stem

Answer 28

conduction of water, nutrients, and products of photosynthesis support for leaves and fruits

Question 29

vertical flowering stems of grasses that originate from basal nodes

Answer 29

tillers

Question 30

horizontal underground stems

Answer 30

rhizomes

Question 31

horizontal above ground stems that produce functional leaves

Answer 31

stolons

Question 32

2 major components of the plant cell are:

Answer 32

cell wall and protoplast

Question 33

what gives plant cell walls their strength and rigidity

Answer 33

cellulose/lignin

Question 34

Photosynthesis -->

Answer 34

chloroplast

Question 35

Respiration -->

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

Secretions -->

Answer 36

Golgi bodies

Question 37

Distribution of cellular substances -->

Answer 37

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

ATP formation -->

Answer 38

Mitochondria

Question 39

Why is the vacuole important?

Answer 39

water balance, stores ions, pigment deposits

Question 40

Three basic types of tissue in a plant:

Answer 40

epidermis, vascular (xylem and phloem), and ground tissues

Question 41

regions of active cell division that give rise to the primary growth of various tissues

Answer 41

meristems

Question 42

located at the axils of leaves

Answer 42

axillary meristems

Question 43

root system in monocots

Answer 43

fibrous root system

Question 44

root system in dicots

Answer 44

tap root

Question 45

leaf stalk present in dicots

Answer 45

Petiole

Question 46

junction where the blade and sheath of the grass leaf meet (monocots)

Answer 46

collar

Question 47

___ is above the collar region

Answer 47

blade

Question 48

__is below the collar region

Answer 48

sheath

Question 49

membranous structure or line of hairs that projects from the top of the sheath at the collar in grasses

Answer 49

ligule

Question 50

earlike appendages that occur at the base of the leaf blade in some grasses

Answer 50

auricles

Question 51

veins arrangement

Answer 51

venation

Question 52

venation in dicots

Answer 52

netted

Question 53

venation in monocots

Answer 53

parallel

Question 54

leaf blades comprised of a single unit

Answer 54

simple leaves

Question 55

leaf blade subdivided leaflets

Answer 55

compound leaves

Question 56

leaflets radiating from a common point

Answer 56

palmately compound

Question 57

leaflets arranged along both sides of the rachis

Answer 57

pinnately compound

Question 58

arise from opposite sides of the same node

Answer 58

opposite arrangement

Question 59

leaves are located singly on opposite sides of the stem at a successive node alfalfa and soybeans

Answer 59

alternate

Question 60

three or more leaves develop at a node

Answer 60

whorled

Question 61

long, slender, coiling structures that aid in climbing and supporting

Answer 61

tendrils

Question 62

buds at the apex of stems

Answer 62

apical

Question 63

buds located on the axils of leaves

Answer 63

axillary

Question 64

buds arise from places on the plant other than nodes or stem apices

Answer 64

adventitious

Question 65

__ are organs containing meristems that may develop into flowers, stems, or leaves

Answer 65

buds

Question 66

male component of the flower consists of anther and filament

Answer 66

stamen

Question 67

female reproductive portion of the flower stigma, style, and ovary

Answer 67

pistil

Question 68

showy modified leaves to attract pollinators and provide protection

Answer 68

petals

Question 69

green leaf-like structures

Answer 69

sepals

Question 70

composed of stamen, pistil, petals, and sepal

Answer 70

complete flower

Question 71

lack one of more of the four flower parts

Answer 71

incomplete flower

Question 72

have both stamens and pistils

Answer 72

incomplete perfect flowers

Question 73

incomplete flower that lacks either the stamen of the pistil corn

Answer 73

imperfect flower

Question 74

have separate male and female plants

Answer 74

dioecious plants

Question 75

flowers occur singly

Answer 75

single (solitary)

Question 76

flowers clustered together on a branch or a system of branches

Answer 76

inflorescence

Question 77

ovary does not split open at maturity corn, sunflower

Answer 77

indehiscent

Question 78

__ highest and most inclusive category of plants

Answer 78

kingdom

Question 78

ovary opens at maturity soybeans

Answer 78

dehiscent

Question 79

Scientific classification system

Answer 79

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Question 80

stems round or flattened with definite nodes and internodes flowers simple without showy petals (wheat, corn, rice, barley)

Answer 80

Poaceae (grass family)

Question 81

appear grass-like, may be confused with grass family plants in early stages stem lacks nodes and internodes stems in a triangle like structure (nutgrass, yellownutsedge)

Answer 81

Cyperaceace (sedge family)

Question 82

mostly compound and alternate leaves, trifoliate or pinnate, with a pair of stipules at base of petiole, flowers irregular with 5 petals, fruit a single celled pod (soybean, peanuts, chickpeas)

Answer 82

Fabaceae (legume family)

Question 83

leaves simple and opposite or whorled without stipules; most species contain milky juice, fruit from a long pod with seeds attached to tufts of floss (common milkweed, dogbane)

Answer 83

Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family)

Question 84

plants viny like, leaves alternately entire, and with a pair of basal lobes, flowers showy, fused into tubes (hedge bindweed, sweet potato, dodder)

Answer 84

Convolvulaceae (bindweed family)

Question 85

stems encircled by a membranous sheath just above the node; leaves mostly alternate, simply and entire, flowers without true petals but with petal-like sepals (buckwheat, knotweed)

Answer 85

Polygonaceae (buckwheat family)

Question 86

leaves mostly alternate, never compound, without stipules; flowers in heads with numerous small flowers in each head (sunflower)

Answer 86

Asteraceae (sunflower family)

Question 87

leaves usually alternate without stipules; flowers with 4 separate petals, 4 separate sepals, and 6 stamens (mustard, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower)

Answer 87

Brassicaceae (mustard family)

Question 88

leaves usually alternate but may be opposite, simple without stipules; flowers small, without true petals, appear greenish, subtended by small bristly bracts (redroot pigweed, water hemp)

Answer 88

Amaranthaceae (pigweed family)

Question 89

small greenish flowers, do not have bristly bracts (goosefoot, spinach, beets)

Answer 89

Chenopodiacea (lambsquarter family)

Question 90

legume seed consists of __,__,__

Answer 90

testa, cotyledons, embryo

Question 91

portion above the point of attachment of the cotyledons

Answer 91

Epicotyl

Question 92

portion below the cotyledons

Answer 92

hypocotyl

Question 93

elongating mesocotyl and coleoptile

Answer 93

panicoid (corn, sorghum, warm season grasses)

Question 94

elongating coleoptile emergence

Answer 94

festucoid (wheat, barley, many cool-season grasses)

Question 95

provides food for the embryo and young seedling after germination

Answer 95

endosperm (cotyledon)

Question 96

all grasses experience __ emergence

Answer 96

hypogeal

Question 97

How does depth of planting affect depth of root origin in grasses?

Answer 97

Panicoid emergence: roots always near surface; base 2 node Festucoid emergence: roots remain near planting

Question 98

distinguishes between dead and alive tissues of the embryo. seeds are dyed red

Answer 98

tetrazolium test

Question 99

pure seed component to test for normal seedlings

Answer 99

germination test

Question 100

separate seed sample by weight into pure seed, other crop seeds, weed seeds, and inert matter. seed blowers, transmitted light, sieves, and opaque glass

Answer 100

Purity test

Question 101

sample examined for noxious weed seeds

Answer 101

noxious weed seed examination

Question 102

Separates proteins of varying size and/or charge. Mainly used for wheat, oat, barley, triticale. Extracts the alcohol proteins from the flour

Answer 102

HPLC test