Final Exam

Question 1

grasses that produce edible grains
store energy in their seeds as starch
corn, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum

Answer 1

Cereal crops

Question 2

harvested portions or grasses, legumes, and other crops
corn, soybeans, flax, buckwheat

Answer 2

Grain crops

Question 3

legumes grown for their edible high protein seeds
soybeans, field peas, peanuts, chickpeas

Answer 3

Pulses

Question 4

crops grown for their fibers
used for clothing, rope, paper, and baskets
cotton, flax, hemp

Answer 4

Fiber crops

Question 5

crops whose vegetative parts are used for feed
alfalfa, clover, smooth bromegrass

Answer 5

Forages

Question 6

crops harvested for their underground storage organs that are rich in starch
Irish potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes

Answer 6

Root and tuber crops

Question 7

crops grown to prevent soil erosion
winter rye, hairy vetch

Answer 7

cover crops

Question 8

crops seeded with small-seeded legumes to provide erosion control, suppress weeds
oats, wheat

Answer 8

companion crops

Question 9

crops used for lawns, football and soccer fields
Kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass, bermudagrass

Answer 9

Recreational turf crops

Question 10

One seed leaf inside the seed coat
(wheat, corn, rice, millet)

Answer 10

Monocotyledons

Question 11

Two seed leaves inside the seed coat
legumes, peas, beans, peanuts, lentils

Answer 11

Dicotyledon

Question 12

outermost layer of cells
exchange of matter between the plant and the environment
aboveground (leaves and stems)-gas exchange
belowground (roots) - water and ion uptake

Answer 12

Epidermis (dermal tissues)

Question 13

root system in monocots

Answer 13

fibrous root system

Question 13

venation in monocots

Answer 13

parallel

Question 14

root system in dicots

Answer 14

tap root

Question 15

venation in dicots

Answer 15

netted

Question 16

emergence in monocots

Answer 16

hypogeal

Question 17

emergence in dicots

Answer 17

epigeal

Question 18

scattered vascular bundles

Answer 18

monocots

Question 19

vascular bundles in rings

Answer 19

dicots

Question 20

complete their life cycle in one (or less than) growing seasons

Answer 20

annuals

Question 21

Complete life cycle in two years

Answer 21

Biennial plant

Question 22

Complete life cycle in more than two years

Answer 22

Perennial

Question 23

small opening in the epidermis of the leaf and stem
exchange of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

Answer 23

stomata
located underside of leaf

Question 24

vascular tissues

Answer 24

conducting tissue - moves materials throughout the entire plant xylem - water and minerals phloem - transports products of photosynthesis

Question 25

composes the bulk of the plant

Answer 25

ground tissues

Question 26

needed in large amounts for energy and structure

Answer 26

macronutrients

Question 27

smaller amounts for bodily processes

Answer 27

micronutrients

Question 28

efficient at producing carbohydrates during photosynthesis Corn, sorghum, switchgrass, sugarcane

Answer 28

C4 plants

Question 29

alfalfa, soybean, small grains

Answer 29

C3 plants

Question 30

genetic composition of organism

Answer 30

genotype

Question 31

expression of genes from interaction between genotype and environment

Answer 31

phenotype

Question 32

systems managed to produce food, fiber, fuel and other agricultural products

Answer 32

agroecosystems

Question 33

high diversity, complex cycles, and stability

Answer 33

natural ecosystems

Question 34

Planting the same crop 2+ years in a row on the same field

Answer 34

continuous cropping

Question 35

crop species varies on the field year to year

Answer 35

crop rotation

Question 36

planting one cash crop in a field

Answer 36

monoculture

Question 37

planting multiple cash crops in the same field within one growing season

Answer 37

polyculture/intercropping

Question 38

Utilizing the environment to produce two crops in one growing season

Answer 38

Double cropping

Question 39

any vegetative border between farmland and a waterbody (stream, lake, river)

Answer 39

Riparian buffer

Question 40

multiple crop types (two or more) are cultivated on one field without distinct rows

Answer 40

mixed intercropping

Question 41

multiple rows of one crop are alternated with multiple rows of another crop

Answer 41

strip intercropping

Question 42

complex, organic molecule negatively charged

Answer 42

organic matter

Question 43

yellowing along tip and moves along the middle of the leaf

Answer 43

nitrogen deficiency

Question 44

yellowing at the leaf edges

Answer 44

potassium deficiency

Question 45

ideal pH for most crops

Answer 45

6-7

Question 46

most common type of pathogen

Answer 46

fungi

Question 47

piercing insects drink sap from plant cause stippling and water loss reproduce quickly

Answer 47

aphids

Question 48

microscopic roundworms feed on plants using stylet stunting, wilting, chlorosis, root malformations

Answer 48

soybean cyst nematode

Question 49

larvae feed on roots beetles feed on stalk

Answer 49

corn rootworm

Question 50

control aphids by laying eggs inside them

Answer 50

parasitoid wasps

Question 51

standard test weight for corn

Answer 51

56 lbs

Question 52

most common loss in grain storage

Answer 52

fungi

Question 53

black layer in corn and sorghum pod color change in soybeans yellowing of small grains sunflower head color

Answer 53

physiological maturity

Question 54

moisture content of crop when grain can be combined

Answer 54

harvest maturity

Question 55

process of separating grain kernels from their stalks and husks after harvest

Answer 55

threshing

Question 56

stalks, leaves, materials left after harvest

Answer 56

stover

Question 57

as moisture decreases ---

Answer 57

test weight increases

Question 58

bushel measures

Answer 58

volume

Question 59

largest challenge in organic production

Answer 59

weed control

Question 60

How often are organic farms inspected?

Answer 60

at least once a year

Question 61

USDA’s federal program that regulates organic agriculture in the US

Answer 61

National Organic Program

Question 62

two regions of crop domestication by humans and what crops were domesticated there

Answer 62

the Fertile Crescent - wheat, barley, lentils, chickpeas Mexico - corn, common beans, squash China - soybeans, millet