Culture and Development

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

Culture is a system of practices, values, norms, symbols, and environmental adaptations that shape how people live and interact.

Question 2

What are the 5 systems in Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological model?

Answer 2

Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem

Question 3

What is the microsystem?

Answer 3

It refers to activities and relationships that a child actively participates in, e.g. child and parent

Question 4

What is the mesosystem?

Answer 4

The connections between people who are both connect to the child, e.g. parent and teacher

Question 5

What is the exosystem?

Answer 5

The settings that the child is not involved in, but is affected by, e.g. parent’s workplace

Question 6

What is the macrosystem?

Answer 6

Society’s general beliefs, values, customs, laws

Question 7

What is the chronosystem?

Answer 7

It refers to time

Question 8

Describe the method of Kearins’ (1981) study looking at the visuospatial memory of Indigenous and European kids

Answer 8

Each participant was shown a number of objects on a lined board (artefactual + different, natural + different, artefactual + same, natural + same)
Board was cleared and the kids had to put the objects back in the same spot.

Question 9

What were the results of Kearins’ (1981) study looking at the visuospatial memory of Indigenous and European kids

Answer 9

The Indigenous kids were performing about the same as European kids who were 3 years older.

Question 10

Why was Kearins’ (1981) study looking at the visuospatial memory of Indigenous and European kids criticised?

Answer 10

Not being formatted in a scientific manner, and had no system.

Question 11

What are some examples of analogous sources that influence a culture’s ability to problem solve?

Answer 11

Folklore (yes Sarah, folklore mentioned)
Fairytales
Parables
Fables

Question 12

Describe Chen et al.’s (2004) study on cultural influences on problem solving

Answer 12

Used both American and Chinese students
Used 2 problems- the statue problem and the cave problem, which the students had to solve
The Chinese students were far better at the statue tale as it was based on a Chinese fable.
The American students were far better at the cave tale as it was based on a Western fable.