Emotional Development

Question 1

What are emotions?

Answer 1

A combination of physiological and cognitive responses to thoughts/experiences

Question 2

What are the six basic emotions?

Answer 2

Joy, sadness, anger, disgust, fear surprise (just remember the inside out emotions)

Question 3

Describe Ekman’s study

Answer 3

Asked Western and PNG kid to match appropriate face to scenario.
Similar identification of faces- believes emotions are innate

Question 4

What is the the Basic Emotion Perspective?

Answer 4

That emotions are innate, biologically based, and universal

Question 5

What did Widen’s (2016) study find?

Answer 5

That children can identify happiness, sadness and anger before other emotions

Question 6

What are the criticisms of the Basic Emotion Perspective?

Answer 6

There is disagreement over which emotions are basic
Biological bases are vague
Problematic cross-linguistic mapping
Assumes that emotions are discrete categories (maybe they aren’t?)

Question 7

Describe the constructivist perspective of emotions

Answer 7

emotions are through individual experiences, cultural contexts, and social interactions.
They are NOT innate/universal
Event leads to a core effect (depending on arousal and positivity of event), which leads to an emotion

Question 8

What are the criticisms of the constructivist perspective?

Answer 8

Core effect is a very abstract concept that can’t be empirically evaluated
Overemphasises social and cultural experience
Eckman’s research goes directly against this

Question 9

What is the constructivist perspective of emotions?

Answer 9

Emotions are responses that help people navigate and respond to environmental challenges for survival and wellbeing

Question 10

What is emotion regulation?
A set of conscious and unconscious experiences used to monitor and modify…

Answer 10

A set of conscious and unconscious processes used to monitor and modify emotional experiences and expressions

Question 11

What is the importance of emotion regulation?

Answer 11

It affects social functioning and relationships
Affects mental health and overall wellbeing
Affects academic/professional success

Question 12

Provide 6 examples of emotional regulatory strategies cssscm

Answer 12

Co-regulation
Self-comforting behaviours
Self-distraction
Social support
Cognitive reappraisal
Mindfulness

Question 13

Discuss the the Schoppmann et al. (2021) “Can you teach me not to be angry?” study.

Answer 13

Parent-child pairs.
Children watched parent play with a toy either:
Actively
calmly
not at all

Children became frustrated because they couldn’t play
Children whose parents described them as active used more active emotional regulation strategies.
Children whose parents described them as more calm used more calm emotional regulation strategies.

Question 14

What is temperament?

Answer 14

Individual differences in emotion, activity level, and attention

Question 15

Describe the New York Longitudinal Study (1956) regarding temperament

Answer 15

Classified infants into four temperament clusters: easy (40%), difficult (10%), slow to warm up (15%), mixed (35%)
The the temperament in infancy predicted their later psychosocial development

Question 16

What are the 6
dimensions that temperament can be measured in?

Answer 16

fear, distress, attention span, activity level, smiling, laughter

Question 17

What can temperament predict?

Answer 17

Later behavioural problems, anxiety disorders, social competence