Data Types

Question 1

analog data

Answer 1

continuous data

Question 2

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII):

Answer 2

A text-encoding standard that represents English letters, numbers, and symbols using numeric codes.

Question 3

bandwidth

Answer 3

The maximum speed that data can be transmitted across a network.

Question 4

binary

Answer 4

When data is represented with one of two values, a 1 or a 0

Question 5

Boolean expression:

Answer 5

A logical true or false statement that uses the operators and, or, and not.

Question 6

character

Answer 6

a single letter, number or special character used for writing text.

Question 7

character set

Answer 7

What characters a computer is able to use.

Question 8

control structure

Answer 8

A construct that instructs the order in which tasks run in a program. (Example: loops, conditionals, if/else)

Question 9

data

Answer 9

Raw facts and figures that haven’t been synthesized into meaningful information.

Question 10

data compression

Answer 10

Reducing data size to improve storage or transmission efficiency.

Question 11

data types

Answer 11

categories of data that define what can be stored and how it can be used.

Question 12

declaration

Answer 12

When you introduce a variable or function by name (and often type) but don’t provide its value or full implementation

Question 13

digital data

Answer 13

Data represented as binary values of 1s and 0s.

Question 14

Huffman encoding

Answer 14

An encoding strategy where frequently occurring characters are assigned less bits and infrequently occurring characters are given more bits.

Question 14

floating point

Answer 14

Representing a real number using a mantissa (significand) multiplied by a base raised to an exponent.

Question 15

information

Answer 15

data that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way to be useful

Question 16

integer

Answer 16

All numbers on the number line that can be represented without using a fractional part.

Question 17

keyword encoding

Answer 17

compression strategy where frequently occurring keywords in that language are encoded to have less bits.

Question 18

lossless

Answer 18

When a compression technique doesn’t lose any information.

Question 19

lossy

Answer 19

When compression results in loss of data that can’t be recovered.

Question 20

pulse-code modulation (PCM)

Answer 20

a method used to digitally represent analog signals

Question 20

overflow

Answer 20

When a value has more bits than its spot in memory can hold.

Question 20

radix point

Answer 20

the decimal point in a number system that indicates the separation between integer and fractional parts

Question 21

numeric

Answer 21

Any data that’s represented by a number.

Question 22

scientific notation

Answer 22

Representing very large or very small numbers with powers of 10

Question 22

reclocking

Answer 22

When digital signals are re-synchronized and correct timing is restored.

Question 23

real

Answer 23

Any number that includes a fractional part. Also called floating point numbers. (Different from mathematical reals)

Question 24

string:

Answer 24

Any collection of characters that’s treated as a single piece of data.

Question 24

signed-magnitude representation:

Answer 24

Using one bit for the sign and the rest for the absolute value of a number.

Question 24

run-length encoding

Answer 24

compressing by replacing repeated characters with one character and a count.

Question 25

strong typing:

Answer 25

When values are assigned a specific type which can't be changed without explicit conversions. Reduces errors.

Question 26

ten's complement:

Answer 26

a way of representing negative numbers with base ten arithmetic

Question 27

Unicode:

Answer 27

A character set that includes characters from all languages to allow for consistent programming across systems and languages