left-to-right associativity
the rule that operators with the same precedence are evaluated from left to right in an expression
magic number
A numeric constant that isn’t given a name. Makes code harder to understand and maintain.
named constant
a value that’s given an identifier and can’t be changed; it is used to give meaningful names to fixed values. Makes the code easier to understand and maintain.
overhead
The extra time, memory, or processing resources a program uses to manage operations beyond the main task it performs
rules of precedence (order of operations)
the rules that define the sequence in which different operations (like addition and multiplication) are performed in an expression to ensure consistent results