Intro to Computer Science > Networking Architecture and Technologies > Flashcards

Networking Architecture and Technologies Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

access control policy

A

rules that determine who can access specific resources or data in a system and which actions they can perform

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2
Q

bandwidth

A

the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given amount of time, usually measured in bits per second (bps)

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3
Q

Bluetooth

A

a wireless technology that allows devices to communicate over short distances, typically used for connecting peripherals like headphones and keyboards

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4
Q

broadband

A

a high-speed internet connection that is always on and faster than traditional dial-up access, such as DSL, cable, and fiber-optic

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5
Q

bus topology

A

a network configuration where all devices are connected to a single central cable, or bus, through which data is transmitted

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6
Q

cable modem

A

a device that provides internet access by connecting to a cable television line

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7
Q

client/server model

A

a network architecture where clients (user devices) request services and resources from servers (centralized computers) that provide them

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8
Q

computer network

A

a group of interconnected computers and devices that can share data and resources

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9
Q

data transfer rate

A

the speed at which data is transmitted between devices over a network, usually measured in bits per second (bps)

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10
Q

digital subscriber line (DSL)

A

a technology that provides high-speed internet access through telephone lines

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11
Q

domain name

A

a human-readable address used to identify a website on the internet, such as www.example.com

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12
Q

domain name server

A

a server that translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling browsers to locate and load internet resources

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13
Q

domain name system (DNS)

A

the system that manages the translation of domain names to IP addresses, making it possible to access websites using human-readable names

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14
Q

domain squatting

A

the practice of registering domain names, especially those related to trademarks, with the intent to sell them at a profit to the rightful owner

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15
Q

download

A

the process of transferring data from a remote server to a local device

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16
Q

Ethernet

A

a common method of networking computers in a local area network (LAN), using wired connections and protocols to manage data transmission

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17
Q

file server

A

a server that stores and manages files, making them accessible to computers on the same network

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18
Q

firewall

A

a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules

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19
Q

gateway

A

a device that connects different networks, allowing data to flow between them

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20
Q

hostname

A

a unique name assigned to a device on a network and used to identify it

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21
Q

ICANN

A

an organization that manages the assignment of domain names and IP addresses on the internet

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22
Q

internet backbone

A

the main infrastructure of the internet, consisting of high-speed data transmission lines and major networks

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23
Q

internet protocol (IP)

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A

a set of rules governing the format of data sent over the internet or other networks

24
Q

internet service provider (ISP)

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A

a company that provides individuals and organizations access to the internet

25
interoperability
the ability of different systems, devices, or software to work together and exchange information seamlessly
26
IP address
a unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, enabling it to communicate with other devices
27
latency
the delay before data begins to transfer after an instruction for its transfer is given, often measured in milliseconds
28
local-area network (LAN)
a network that connects computers and devices within a limited area, such as a home, school, or office building
29
metropolitan-area network (MAN)
a network that spans a larger geographic area than a LAN, typically a city or a large campus
30
MIME type
a standard that indicates the nature and format of a file, used to identify the type of content being sent over the internet
31
network neutrality
the principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally by ISPs, without discrimination or charging differently based on user, content, or application
32
node (host)
any device, such as a computer or printer, connected to a network that can send, receive, or manage data
33
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model
a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers to facilitate interoperability
34
open system
a system that uses open standards and protocols, allowing it to interact with other systems and be modified or extended by third parties
35
packet
a small unit of data transmitted over a network, containing both the data being sent and control information for routing
36
packet switching
a method of data transmission where data is broken into packets and sent over various routes to its destination, where it is reassembled
37
phone modem
a device that converts digital data from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines, and vice versa
38
ping
a network utility that tests the reachability of a host on a network and measures the time it takes for a message to travel to the host and back
39
port
a virtual point where network connections start and end, used to identify specific processes or services on a device
40
proprietary system
a system that is privately owned and controlled, often requiring specific software or hardware to operate
41
protocol
a set of rules that define how data is formatted, transmitted, and received over a network
42
protocol stack
a set of network protocol layers that work together to handle data communication, often referred to as a protocol suite
43
P2P model
a network model where each device can act as both a client and a server, sharing resources directly with other devices without a central server
44
repeater
a device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher power level to extend the range of the network
45
ring topology
a network configuration where each device is connected to two other devices, forming a circular data path
46
router
a device that directs data between different networks, ensuring data packets reach their correct destinations
47
star topology
a network configuration where all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, facilitating communication
48
TCP/IP
a set of protocols that governs how data is transmitted over the internet, ensuring reliable communication
49
top-level domain (TLD)
the last part of a domain name, such as .com, .org, or .net, that identifies the domain's highest-level grouping
50
traceroute
a network diagnostic tool that tracks the path data takes from one device to another, showing each step along the way
51
user datagram protocol (UDP)
a communication protocol that allows data to be sent without establishing a connection, providing faster but less reliable transmission
51
transmission control protocol (TCP)
a core protocol of the internet that ensures data is delivered accurately and in the correct order
52
upload
the process of sending data from a local device to a remote server or system
53
web server
a computer system that hosts websites and delivers web pages to users over the internet
54
wide-area network (WAN)
a network that spans a large geographic area, connecting multiple smaller networks, such as LANs, typically using long-distance communication links
55
wireless network
a network that uses wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, to connect devices and enable communication without physical cables
55
wireless
a method of transmitting data without physical connections, using radio waves or other technologies
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