Deck 5 Flashcards by Josh Selkirk

Pass and Advanced

What are the most high-level language translators called?

Compiler programs.

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What are the three categories programming languages can be divided into?

Machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages.

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What languages consists of a combination of 0s and 1s that is used to indicate OFF and ON states of electricity?

Machine language.

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What is the ONLY form the computer is able to understand?

Binary form.

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Why would you use assembly languages?

To avoid having to code directly into machine code (0?s and 1?s).

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What type of high-level language was developed for business applications?

COBOL.

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What high-level language was designed as a teaching language to help beginning programmers write programs?

BASIC.

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What high-level language was initiated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)?

Ada.

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What will be the first program you will need to know about because you must install it before other programs?

The operating system.

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What action is taken when you install a user/application software package on a system?

You need to provide the software with information about your microcomputer configuration.

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When working with end users how can you be of help to them?

Troubleshoot and identify problems and teach them what you know.

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What are the general operations with using software packages?

Access, create, save, delete, print, stop, and terminate.

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What is a major consideration for a person working with packaged software?

File management.

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What are a few ways to tell software what to do when interacting with software packages?

Direct commands, menus, function keys, and programs/macros.

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What type of software package enables you to create, modify (insert, delete, rearrange), save, copy, and print documents?

Word processing packages.

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What is the usual method of entering a document?

Type it on a keyboard.

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How do you start creating a new document?

Tell the system you want to create a document.

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Regardless of how the original document is entered, how is it normally stored as a data file?

On a secondary storage media.

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What mode of operation should you use when you are using a word processing program and want to add new material to a document?

Insert mode.

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What feature of word processing enables you to continue typing without regard for where a line ends?

Word-wrap.

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What feature of word processing should you use to underline, center, tab or indent material?

Function keys.

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What features do many word processing programs include that enable you to check for correct spelling, and to look for synonyms?

Dictionaries and a thesaurus.

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What type of software package can enable you to define columns and rows and perform some arithmetic functions?

Spreadsheet package.

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What is a record represented by on a spreadsheet?

A line (row) of data items of information, which is the horizontal component of a spreadsheet

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# Pass and Advanced 825. What does a data cell on a spreadsheet contain?

One piece of information associated with a particular record.

# Pass and Advanced 826. A record/row that contains seven pieces of information will have how many data cells?

Seven.

# Pass and Advanced 827. How is a data cell symbolically identified?

By using some type of common notation, usually column, row.

# Pass and Advanced 828. What is the entire collection of data cells often referred to as?

A matrix or an array.

# Pass and Advanced 829. When entering data, is it necessary to enter it in alphabetical or numerical order?

No, the software package will normally arrange the data in whatever sequence you desire.

# Pass and Advanced 830. Spreadsheet software packages normally includes ways to do what functions?

Enter labels, enter values, enter formulas, insert and delete columns and rows, copy and move ranges of data cells/records from one area of a worksheet to another, erase part or all of a worksheet, change the way values are represented on part or all of a worksheet, split the viewing screen, save, retrieve, rename, erase, and copy tiles, and print a worksheet.

# Pass and Advanced 831. What is a database?

The filing cabinet and its contents.

# Pass and Advanced 832. What makes the database system much more powerful than a comparable filing cabinet system?

The ability to retrieve the data and calculate statistics quickly and easily without regard to which folder or drawer contains the information.

# Pass and Advanced 833. What type of media is the database normally stored on?

Secondary storage medium (usually disk), where the information is simply held until you need it.

# Pass and Advanced 834. What features of the database packages can you have the computer display or print the requested information in the format specified?

Query and report features.

# Pass and Advanced 835. What is a field also referred to as in database software?

A data item or a data element.

# Pass and Advanced 836. In database software what is a pointer?

A data item in one record that identifies the storage location of another logically related record.

# Pass and Advanced 837. What does the primary key in a database consist of?

A unique identifier for a particular record and should only point to a single record in the data base being indexed.

# Pass and Advanced 838. What is the major advantage of a database?

It permits the maintenance of a related set of tiles or tables that can provide information to several different users.

# Pass and Advanced 839. What type of database links records together through the use of pointers?

List databases.

# Pass and Advanced 840. What type of database consist of elements that act in a superior subordinate or parent-child relationship?

Hierarchical databases.

# Pass and Advanced 841. What is the main advantage of relational databases?

Relationships between the data can be established whenever you (the user) request information.

# Pass and Advanced 842. What are the common operations you can expect to perform when using a database software package?

Create, insert, update, and delete, create and run forms and reports, design and print labels, query, create and run/execute applications programs, and import and export tiles.

# Pass and Advanced 843. With database software, what name is given to the type of language used to retrieve information from a database?

Query language.

# Pass and Advanced 844. What packages are used primarily for designing and publishing professional looking documents?

Desktop publishing (DTP).

# Pass and Advanced 845. What are the typical applications of desktop publishing packages?

Newsletters, advertisements, letterheads, reports, presentations, catalogs, books, brochures, or flyers, forms, business cards, contracts, magazines, and overhead displays.

# Pass and Advanced 846. What tasks are involved in desktop publishing layout?

Arranging text, drawing borders, and incorporating illustrations.

# Pass and Advanced 847. What are the features you will find most in desktop publishing packages?

Lay out pages and edit page layouts; incorporate text and graphics; multiple columns, column widths, and heights; vertical/horizontal printing; fit copy to page; automatic page numbering; and headers and footers.

# Pass and Advanced 848. What are the graphic features you can expect to find in DTP packages?

Graphic images, shrink/expand and edit images, accept images from scanners or other draw programs, and layered output for color printing.

# Pass and Advanced 849. What size processor, at a minimum, is required to effectively use desktop publishing software?

486 sixteen-bit.

# Pass and Advanced 850. What type and size monitor should be used with desktop publishing software?

A high-resolution 19-inch monitor.

# Pass and Advanced 851. What type of printer is the best choice when it comes to preparing quality text and graphics with desktop publishing?

Laser.

# Pass and Advanced 852. What can satisfy the need for more computer power, overall performance, internal security, file and data management, and backup capabilities?

Software utilities.

# Pass and Advanced 853. What are the eight categories the various utility software/programs can be organized into?

Keyboard enhancement, desktop organizer, backup, file management, tile maintenance, DOS shell, printer, and virus utilities.

# Pass and Advanced 854. What type of utility usually includes a calculator, notepad, phone directory, and appointment book?

Desktop organizer utilities.

# Pass and Advanced 855. What functions do file management utilities perform?

It provides file recovery and manipulates files and documents.

# Pass and Advanced 856. What type of utility is designed to keep out the malicious logic that attack computer system software?

Virus utilities.

# Pass and Advanced 857. When starting to determine the system software requirements, what is looked at to determine whether a commercial software package is available to accomplish the job or if you will need to develop an in-house program?

The pseudo code and the user?s requested end product(s).

# Pass and Advanced 858. What are the factors to be combined when calculating memory requirements?

The operating system, the program, and the data to be input.

# Pass and Advanced 859. What can be done once you _ develop the pseudo code and identify the software and hardware requirements?

Begin developing the I/O and program specifications.

# Pass and Advanced 860. Who is the primary source in determining the input data and output material?

Users.

# Pass and Advanced 861. What are the three file organization methods used?

Sequential, indexed sequential, and direct.

# Pass and Advanced 862. What is a software package that provides an integrated source of data for multiple users, while presenting different views of that data of different users?

Database management system (DBMS).

# Pass and Advanced 863. How can database management systems (DBMSS) be characterized?

As generalized software that provides a single flexible facility for accommodating different data files and operations, while demanding less programming effort than conventional programming languages.

# Pass and Advanced 864. What is a complete description of a database, and consists of data definition language (DDL) entries?

A schema.

# Pass and Advanced 865. What is the applications programmer?s view of the data within the database pertinent to the specific application?

A subschema.

# Pass and Advanced 866. What is conceptually a loading and unloading zone, where all data provided by the DBMS in response to a CALL for data is delivered and is also where all data to be picked up by the DBMS must be placed?

The user working area (UWA).

# Pass and Advanced 867. What is used for describing a database, which may be shared by many programs written in many languages?

The schema data definition language (DDL), which is in terms of the names and characteristics of the data items, data aggregates, records, areas, and sets included in the database, and the relationships that exist and must be maintained between occurrences of those elements in the database.

# Pass and Advanced 868. What is a data item?

An occurrence of the smallest unit of named data.

# Pass and Advanced 869. What is an occurrence of a named collection of data items within a record?

A data aggregate.

# Pass and Advanced 870. What are the two kinds of data aggregate?

Vectors and repeating groups.

# Pass and Advanced 871. What is an occurrence of a named collection of records?

A set.

# Pass and Advanced 872. What determines a type of set, of which there may be an arbitrary number of set occurrences (sets) in the database?

Each set entry in the schema for a database.

# Pass and Advanced 873. What must each set occurrence (set) contain?

One occurrence of its defined owner type of record and may contain an arbitrary number of occurrences of each of its defined member type of record types.

# Pass and Advanced 874. What is a named collection of records that need not preserve owner/member relationships?

An area.

# Pass and Advanced 875. What may an area contain?

Occurrences of one or more record types, and a record type may have occurrences in more than one area.

# Pass and Advanced 876. What is a language used to cause data to be transferred between a run unit and the database?

A data manipulation language (DML).

# Pass and Advanced 877. Does a schema DDL entry include the references to a physical device or media space?

No, therefore a schema written using a DDL is a description of a database that is not affected by the devices or media used to store the data.

# Pass and Advanced 878. What concept allows the separation of the logical description of the entire database from the storage description of the same?

The concept of separate schema and storage schema.

# Pass and Advanced 879. What describes the representation of stored data in device independent terms?

The storage schema.

# Pass and Advanced 880. Who may allocate media and devices with differing characteristics to suit the c0mmand?s operational requirements, without alteration to the storage schema?

The database administrator.

# Pass and Advanced 881. When selecting a DBMS, what should be the primary consideration?

To select a technology that will support the long-term DBMS needs.

# Pass and Advanced 882. What is one of the best ways of identifying the needs of the command?

To conduct interviews with the users.

# Pass and Advanced 883. What is a first step in the preparation of the presentation?

To describe how the needs of the command will be addressed by the DBMS.

# Pass and Advanced 884. When can you start the selection process?

After receiving permission from management to continue.

# Pass and Advanced 885. What are the most important concerns the microcomputer must meet?

The capability of receiving downloaded data from a mainframe or another microcomputer, the ability to be used on a network, the ability to enable quick and easy setup of screen formats, the ability to handle a maximum number of records, fields, tables, and so on, and the size of each, and the ability of the software to accept files in multiple formats and to transport files and records out to other microcomputer packages.

# Pass and Advanced 886. To decide on the logical structure to use with a DBMS, what will you need to do first?

Perform a comprehensive review of the data.

# Pass and Advanced 887. Who will be the one to decide the organization of the database and to define the physical structures of the database management system?

The programmer.

# Pass and Advanced 888. What happens once the programs are mapped out?

They are written, tested, and implemented, creating the database management system.

# Pass and Advanced 889. Networking gives an individual the capability to communicate and connect with another individual or another system in order to accomplish what task?

Share resources.

# Pass and Advanced 890. What do networks consist of?

Nodes that are interconnected by links.

# Pass and Advanced 891. What are nodes?

The hardware, such as computers, terminals, hard disks, printers, etc.

# Pass and Advanced 892. What are links?

The communications media, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, or fiber optic cable that connects the nodes.

# Pass and Advanced 893. What determines the structure of a network," whether it is a local, metropolitan, or wide area network?

The network hardware and software components.

# Pass and Advanced 894. What type of network consists of PCs that are base wide: one command connected with another command, or one base connected with another base, all via phone lines?

A metropolitan area network (MAN).

# Pass and Advanced 895. What type of network is worldwide: one country connected with another country via satellites?

A wide area network (WAN).

# Pass and Advanced 896. How can the network supervisor manage the system?

By establishing communications through a remote terminal.

# Pass and Advanced 897. Login procedures that are accomplished by dialing into an access server is known by what term?

Remote access.

# Pass and Advanced 898. What must network modems have that can be used as remote access servers?

A network interface card (Nl C) compatible with the network to which the modem is providing access.

# Pass and Advanced 899. Why do remote connections often require special timing considerations?

Because many network transactions must happen within a very limited time period.

# Pass and Advanced 900. What is the most visible aspect of system administration?

Keeping the system running.

# Pass and Advanced 901. What is the process called of bringing a computer system up and making it ready to use?

Booting.

# Pass and Advanced 902. When does the booting process begin?

When some instructions stored in ROM are executed which load the program boot from the boot partition into system memory.

# Pass and Advanced 903. What area is the first thing that initialization programs check?

Memory.

# Pass and Advanced 904. What is the function of the kernel?

Verities the integrity of the root file system.

# Pass and Advanced 905. What are the two primary modes of system operation?

Single-user and multi-user.

# Pass and Advanced 906. What is the single-user mode sometimes called?

The maintenance mode.

# Pass and Advanced 907. What is the most important fact to remember about the multi-user mode?

The number of concurrent users depend on the amount of memory installed in the computer.

# Pass and Advanced 908. How many common situations is rebooting the system called for?

Four.

# Pass and Advanced 909. What are the two proper ways to shut down the operating system?

Shutdown and reboot.

# Pass and Advanced 910. When is the method of shutting down the system by turning off the power to the CPU used?

Only under emergency conditions.

# Pass and Advanced 911. What command is the most often used method of initiating an orderly system shutdown?

Shutdown.

# Pass and Advanced 912. What command terminates all currently executing processes except those essential to the system, then halts or reboots the system?

Reboot.

# Pass and Advanced 913. What are the reasons why you should monitor your network?

To maintain a history of the performance of your system, to provide a statistical basis for new equipment requests, and to enable you to tune your network for optimum performance.

# Pass and Advanced 914. What is the main importance of reviewing audit/event logs?

To monitor the security of the system.

# Pass and Advanced 915. What does the term ?auditing? refer to?

The process of recording events, such as file access, creations, deletions, the addition of print jobs, etc, and using that information to detect usage violations or to confirm that network procedures are operating correctly.

# Pass and Advanced 916. What can a network administrator track by using audit logs?

What files where accessed, when they were accessed (date and time), by whom, and what transactions were performed.

# Pass and Advanced 917. How many interrupt request lines are there in a PC environment?

# Pass and Advanced 918. How may IRQ values for a device be set?

Through software or by manually setting them through the use of jumpers or DIP switches on the expansion board for the device.

# Pass and Advanced 919. What is the most important thing to remember, when making changes to software?

Read the installation instructions that were supplied by the manufacturer first.

# Pass and Advanced 920. What are the areas that govern network performance?

Hardware and software.

# Pass and Advanced 921. What are the number of parameters that can be changed to improve the network?s performance?

Increasing the amount of memory used for sharing, print spooling, and printing.

# Pass and Advanced 922. What is the connection called on the back of the computer where you connect peripherals, switches, networks, or other devices?

A port.

# Pass and Advanced 923. What are the two types of ports?

Parallel and serial.

# Pass and Advanced 924. What type of port is a hardware connection that is used to send data one bit at a time and is very good for sending information over a long distance?

Serial port.

# Pass and Advanced 925. What is a port address?

A bus or memory address that is associated with a particular hardware port.

# Pass and Advanced 926. What are the two ways analyzing the configuration of the network can be accomplished?

The first way happens when the computer is turned on (the operating system goes out and checks the configuration), and the second way is accomplished by using an application to test whether a remote device _is properly connected to the system.

# Pass and Advanced 927. What is the best way to analyze the configuration?

The use of an application.

# Pass and Advanced 928. What term is used to describe the process used by an application to test a remote device?

?Pinging?

# Pass and Advanced 929. What is the ping sent out called?

An echo message.

# Pass and Advanced 930. What is the advantage of a network?

It allows several people to share resources, both hardware and software.

# Pass and Advanced 931. To avoid problems, such as slow response time and unavailability of resources, what must you know?

The limits of the system resources.

# Pass and Advanced 932. Between the system software and the application software/programs, what are the two pieces of software needed?

Telecommunications access software and teleprocessing monitor.

# Pass and Advanced 933. What is the special software that handles the unique and dynamic workloads of a network?

Network system software.

# Pass and Advanced 934. What is the network system software sometimes referred to as?

The network operating system (NOS).

# Pass and Advanced 935. What must network system software he able to handle?

5 Multiple users, multiple peripherals, network security, and to share information and application software.

# Pass and Advanced 936. What type of software program is electronic mail classified as?

Utility.

# Pass and Advanced 937. What prevents files from being updated by more than one user at a time?

Data integrity.

# Pass and Advanced 938. How can the different levels of access generally be designated?

For either private, shared, or public use.

# Pass and Advanced 939. What feature prevents others from accessing the file or record when you are working on it?

Locking capability.

# Pass and Advanced 940. Is application software shared on a network different from the software you use on your individual or stand-alone PC?

Yes.

# Pass and Advanced 941. What must be done once the software is installed on the network?

It must be tested.

# Pass and Advanced 942. What are the two avenues for testing the software?

An independent testing company, and end-users.

# Pass and Advanced 943. What is the advantage of an independent testing company?

It will use a more comprehensive and systematic testing method.

# Pass and Advanced 944. What are the three primary methods used to provide service restoration after system degradation?

Redundancy, rerouting, and reconfiguration.

# Pass and Advanced 945. What is the first step in designing a network?

Deciding whether or not a network is needed.

# Pass and Advanced 946. What are the factors that contribute to the flexibility of a network?

Physical layout (topology), access method (protocol), physical connection (cabling), and networking operating system (NOS).

# Pass and Advanced 947. What do you need to do before committing the money to install a network?

Research the need for a network for the command.

# Pass and Advanced 948. What are the guidelines to follow when beginning to plan for a network?

Calculate your needs as completely as possible, determine what resources are available at your command for planning, implementing, and running a network, determine who needs access to the network and where these people are located, get to know the current usage and needs in detail, and get a detailed drawing of office locations, existing wiring, and possible server locations.

# Pass and Advanced 949. What is done if it is decided to go with a network?

Determine what resources are available.

# Pass and Advanced 950. What is the minimum percentage to be used in calculating the available resources for the network?

# Pass and Advanced 951. What is the physical arrangement of a LAN?s components called?

Configuration or topology.

# Pass and Advanced 952. What are the three major types of LAN configurations, or topologies?

The star, the bus, and the ring.

# Pass and Advanced 953. Which of the topologies was the earliest and permits centralized diagnostics (troubleshooting) of all functions?

The star.

# Pass and Advanced 954. Which topology is used in low-cost LANs?

The bus.

# Pass and Advanced 955. What is a disadvantage of the bus topology?

Generally there must be a minimum distance between workstations to avoid signal interference and that nodes must contend with each other for the use of the bus.

# Pass and Advanced 956. What is one of the major disadvantages of ring topologies?

The extreme difficulty of adding new workstations while the network is in operation.

# Pass and Advanced 957. Which topology can be easily adapted to the physical arrangement of the facility site?

Distributed star.

# Pass and Advanced 958. How many major operational functions do protocols have?

Two.

# Pass and Advanced 959. What are the two representative protocols, which control line discipline?

The Binary Synchronous Communications Protocol (Bi-sync) and the Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC).

# Pass and Advanced 960. What factors are the access methods that will he used governed by?

Topology and protocol.

# Pass and Advanced 961. What does the contention method feature?

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).

# Pass and Advanced 962. When using the token passing method, what happens when the transmitting station receives the same token?

The message has been passed around the network.

# Pass and Advanced 963. In the OSI reference model, how many layers are there?

Seven.

# Pass and Advanced 964. What is the primary purpose of the OSI model?

To provide a basis for coordinating the development of standards that relate to the flexible interconnection of incompatible systems using data communications facilities.

# Pass and Advanced 965. What layer number of the OSI reference model is the physical layer?

One.

# Pass and Advanced 966. Which layer of the OSI reference model provides error-free transmission of information over the physical medium and is responsible for getting data packaged and onto the network cable?

Data link.

# Pass and Advanced 967. Which layer of the OSI reference model decides which physical pathway the data should take, based on network conditions, priorities of service, and is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections across the intervening communications?

Network.

# Pass and Advanced 968. What layer number is the network layer?

Three.

# Pass and Advanced 969. What layer ensures data units are delivered error-free, in sequence, with no losses or duplications?

Transport.

# Pass and Advanced 970. Which layer allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them and performs the functions that enable two applications to communicate across the network, performing security, name recognition, logging, and administration?

Session.

# Pass and Advanced 971. What is the layer number of the session layer?

Five.

# Pass and Advanced 972. Which layer formats data to be presented to the application layer and can be viewed as the translator for the network?

Presentation.

# Pass and Advanced 973. Which layer represents the services that directly support users?

Application.

# Pass and Advanced 974. What is the layer number for the application layer?

Seven.

# Pass and Advanced 975. What type of cable is the least expensive transmission media?

Twisted-wire pairs.

# Pass and Advanced 976. What size gauge wires are the two most common types of twisted-pair media?

22- and 24-gauge wire.

# Pass and Advanced 977. What are the advantages of using telephone wires?

Their relative low cost and their availability.

# Pass and Advanced 978. What type of wire can handle a data flow of up to approximately one megabit per second (Mbps) over several hundred feet?

Twisted wire.

# Pass and Advanced 979. What is the phenomenon called that exists in twisted-wire pairs whenever transmission occurs at a high rate of speed?

Crosstalk.

# Pass and Advanced 980. What lines are used whenever the amount of data to be transmitted is short in duration or when many locations must be contacted for relatively short periods of time?

Switched lines.

# Pass and Advanced 981. What cable is the preferred medium for many of the major local-area networks?

Coaxial.

# Pass and Advanced 982. Coaxial cable is used extensively in local-area networks whenever the distance involved is relatively short, generally less than how many miles for baseband LANs?

# Pass and Advanced 983. Coaxial cable is used extensively in local-area networks whenever the distance involved is relatively short, generally less than how many miles for broadband LANs?

# Pass and Advanced 984. What cable is the newest of the communications mediums?

Fiber optic cable.

# Pass and Advanced 985. How is the transmission made of the fiber optic cable?

By the transformation of digital data into modulated light beams, which are sent through the cable by a laser light-emitting diode (LED) type device at incredibly fast speeds.

# Pass and Advanced 986. What are the transmission rates of the fiber optic cable?

Approximately l billion (or giga) bits per second (Gbps), with speeds over 2 Gbps possible.

# Pass and Advanced 987. What are the major advantages of fiber optics over wire media?

Speed, size, weight, longevity, and resistance to tapping without being noticed.

# Pass and Advanced 988. Why is fiber optic cable immune to electrical interference of any kind?

It carries no electrical current.

# Pass and Advanced 989. What is one big disadvantage of fiber optic?

The tighter restrictions on how much the cable can be bent.

# Pass and Advanced 990. What is a software package that makes it possible to implement and control a network and enables users to use the resources and services on that network?

Network operating systems (NOS).

# Pass and Advanced 991. Why do application layer firewalls gain more insight into the data conversations that traverse an Internet link?

Because they examine packets and protocols at and above the transport layer, which controls the dialogue between communicating end nodes.

# Pass and Advanced 992. Do application layer firewalls offer greater protection against hacker attacks than the packet filtering firewalls?

Yes.

# Pass and Advanced 993. Once the decision is made to use firewall technology to implement an organization?s security policy, what is the next step?

To procure a firewall that provides the appropriate level of protection and is cost-effective.

# Pass and Advanced 994. What device can be used to amplify electrical signals carried by the network?

Repeaters.

# Pass and Advanced 995. What network component makes it possible to interconnect like LANs (that is, two similar networks)?

Bridges.

# Pass and Advanced 996. What network component enable networks to communicate using the most efficient path?

Routers.

# Pass and Advanced 997. What network component makes it possible to interconnect unlike LANs (that is, dissimilar networks)?

Gateways.

# Pass and Advanced 998. What is the installation of network components dependent upon?

The particular type of component, the manufacturer, and the type of cable being used.

# Pass and Advanced 999. What device allows a network to be constructed that exceeds the size limit of a single physical segment by allowing additional lengths of cable to be connected?

Repeaters.

# Pass and Advanced 1000. What device handles the first two layers of the OSI model (the physical layer and the data link layer)?

Bridges.

Deck 5 Flashcards

Get That MONEY!!! (200 cards)